Bibsonomy (http://www.bibsonomy.org) is a web-based social resource sharing system hosted by the Knowledge and Data Engineering Group of the University of Kassel, Germany. BibSonomy lets users retrieve, tag, and share publication references encoded in BibTex as well as Web links.
\r\n\r\nThis poster provides an overview of sharing and tagging behavior in BibSonomy. A total of 268,584 publication references and 60,876 Web links compiled on Sept 29th, 2008 was analyzed. The pie chart on the top left shows the different entity types within the BibTex encoded publication data. About 50% of the total publication records are articles. Below are top-20 counts for journals, author institutions, publishers, and books.
\r\n\r\nThe figure in the center shows the distribution of BibTex article data across the different sciences. The visualization uses the \u2018UCSD Basemap of Science\u2019 created by Boyack and Klavans (2007).
\r\n\r\nThe UCSD basemap is based on 7.2 million papers and over 16,000 separate journals, proceedings, and series from Thomson Reuters\u2019 Web of Science and Elsevier\u2019s Scopus database over a five year period, 2001-2005.
\r\n\r\nBibliographic coupling using highly cited references and keywords was applied to determine the similarity of journals. The final layout step was done using the 3D Fruchterman-Rheingold algorithm in Pajek; the results were so close to spherical (i.e., no nodes were in the middle) that all nodes were given a unit distance from the \u2018center of mass\u2019, resulting in a spherical layout. To ease navigation and exploration, a Mercator projection was applied to convert the spherical layout into the 2-dimensional map. Dots represent groups of topically similar journals. Links denote strong bibliographic coupling relations. Major areas of science are color coded and labeled. As every node on the map represents a set of journals, scholarly entities can be overlaid based on matching of journal names.\r\nEighty percent of the articles in over 3,000 journals can be located on the map. Most of the papers are in the social sciences and there is a strong focus on brain research, math, physics, electrical engineering, and computer science. Node size represents the number of papers per node.
\r\n\r\nOn the right hand side are distributions in the data for records (meaning BibTeX entries and bookmarks), tags, articles, and users. The distribution of records by the number of tags they have is exponential, the distribution of articles by the number of authors they have is linear, and the distribution of users by the number of records they upload is exponential near the low end with a fuzzy power law tail. Each distribution is given with frequencies (blue diamonds) and ranks (pink squares). Exactly 24,831 records (only BibTeX entries; every bookmark has at least one tag) have zero tags while 230,363 have 1 and 75,421 have 2. The highest number of tags is 101.
\r\n\r\nMost articles have 1-10 authors. The article with the most authors is \u201cThe sequence of the human genome\u201d with 285 authors.
\r\n\r\nAbout 10% of users uploaded 95% (231,483) BibTex records. The top-3 most sharing users are user id 2518 (75,141 records), user id 2703\r\n(57,805 records), and user id 0 (46,281 records).
\r\n\r\n\r\n", "reference": "Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center, Indiana University, Bloomington. 2009. Bibsonomy Anatomy. http://scimaps.org/maps/map/bibsonomy_anatomy_111/ (accessed 1/6/2010). ", "title": "Bibsonomy Anatomy", "url": "/maps/map/bibsonomy_anatomy_111/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "Bibsonomy Anatomy", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Russell J. Duhon", "Nianli Ma", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Sunbelt-bib-lg_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-07-07T12:57:11.298525", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map highlights the research collaborations of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with locations in China and countries around the world. The research collaborations shown are co-authorship relationships. The large geographic map shows the research collaborations of all CAS institutes. Each smaller geographic map shows the research collaborations by the CAS researchers in one province-level administrative division. Collaborations between CAS researchers are not included in the data. On each map, locations are colored on a logarithmic scale by the number of collaborations from red to yellow. The darkest red is 3,395 collaborations by all of CAS with researchers in Beijing. Also, flow lines are drawn from the location of focus to all locations collaborated with. The width of the flow line is linearly proportional to the number of collaborations with the locations it goes to, with the smallest flow lines representing one collaboration and the largest representing differing amounts on each geographic map.", "reference": "Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center, Indiana University, Bloomington. 2009. Research Collaborations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. http://scimaps.org/maps/map/research_collaborati_110/ (accessed 1/6/2010).", "title": "Research Collaborations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences", "url": "/maps/map/research_collaborati_110/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "Research Collaborations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Russell J. Duhon", "Weixia (Bonnie) Huang", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/CAS2_letter__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-03T10:02:41.256303", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Legend Node size: # awarded grants Node Inner Color: # unique Co-PIs (0 white; 1 YellowGreen; 2 Green; 3 PineGreen; 4 Orange; 5 Red; 6 Maroon) Node Border Color: Grant Source (Career - Yellow; Pecase - Blue; ITR - Green; SGER - Pink; other - White; Multi-Grants - Red) Edge Width: # times people Co-PId Edge Color: First year of Co-PIship (1999 Maroon; 2000 Red; 2001 Orange; 2002 PineGreen; 2003 Green; 2004 YellowGreen) ", "reference": "B\u00f6rner, Katy. 2004. Knowledge Domain Visualizations in Support of Scholarly Knowledge and Expertise Management. Panel Meeting on SRS's Evaluation of its Science and Engineering Taxonomies, National Science Foundation, SRI International. Arlington, VA, October 21. ", "title": "Co-PI Map of Current IDM Awardees", "url": "/maps/map/copi_map_of_current__109/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Co-PI Map of Current IDM Awardees", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Weimao Ke"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/ke-nsf-awardees_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-03T10:01:19.059752", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is a WEBSOM document map of a Usenet newsgroup. It was generated by Kohonen\u2019s group at the Neural Networks Research Centre at the Helsinki University of Technology, Finland. The map shows over one million documents from more than 80 Usenet newsgroups.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nA huge amount of data is displayed in a rather limited 2D space.
\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nHuman low level visual perception can easily identify patterns and clusters in this map.
\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nMountains represent piles of similar documents.
\r\nData Used:\r\nOver one million documents from more than 80 Usenet newsgroups.
\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nSelf organizing maps (SOM).
\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nSelf organizing maps (SOM).
", "reference": "Teuvo Kohonen. (1995). Self-Organizing Maps, Springer Series in Information Sciences, Vol. 30, 1995.", "title": "WEBSOM Map of Usenet Newsgroups", "url": "/maps/map/websom_map_of_usenet_108/", "type": "Map", "created": 2000, "label": "WEBSOM Map of Usenet Newsgroups", "creator": ["Teuvo Kohonen"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/kohonen-websom_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-03T09:54:53.281200", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "IN-SPIRE\u2122, a powerful information visualization software developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, can give people the ability to see something different in the data they already have. IN-SPIRE\u2122 can quickly and automatically convey the gist of large sets of unformatted text documents such as technical reports, web data, newswire feeds and message traffic. By clustering similar documents together, this Windows-based software unveils common themes and reveals hidden relationships within the collection. IN-SPIRE\u2122 allows analysts to spend more time exploring the information they find most relevant and less time sifting through the masses of irrelevant documents.
\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nLandscape metaphor
", "reference": "Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 2008. IN-SPIRE Software, Battelle Number(s): 13557-E. ", "title": "IN-SPIRE Map", "url": "/maps/map/inspire_map_107/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "IN-SPIRE Map", "creator": ["Pacific Northwest Laboratory"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/inspire_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-03T09:47:46.441038", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "From the beginning, net art has travelled multiple paths. More than a medium, the net is a environment uniquely hospitable to many diverse media: programming and animation, video and audio, gameplay and community. Each individual artist picks up these threads and weaves them in novel combinations. The Idea Line is designed to let you follow these threads of thought yourself, and discover how each work is part of a larger tapestry. The Idea Line displays a timeline of net artworks, arranged in a fan of luminous threads. Each thread corresponds to a particular kind of artwork or type of technology. The brightness of each thread varies with the number of artworks that it contains in each year, so you can watch the ebb and flow of different lines of thought over time. As you move your mouse over the lines, they will open up to reveal titles of artworks. Place the mouse on top of a title to learn more about the work. Click to launch the work itself. Right-click (shift-click on a Mac) to highlight other pieces by the same artist. If you are looking for a particular title or artist, type into the text box at the upper left. You'll be able to see your search results in the context of the overall idealine.", "reference": "\u201cIdea Line,\u201d Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, October, 2001. http://www.whitney.org/artport/idealine", "title": "Idealine Project : mapping lines of thought through time", "url": "/maps/map/idealine_project__ma_106/", "type": "Map", "created": 2001, "label": "Idealine Project : mapping lines of thought through time", "creator": ["Martin Wattenberg"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/wattenberg-idealine_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-03T09:44:39.267671", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This paper reports research on analyzing and visualizing the impact of governmental funding on the amount and citation counts of research publications. A concrete example \u2013 grant and publication data from Behavioral and Social Science Research, one of four extramural research programs at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) \u2013 is analyzed and visualized using the VxInsight visualization tool. The analysis also illustrates current existing problems related to the quality and existence of data, data analysis, and processing. The paper concludes with a list of recommendations on how to improve the quality of grant-publication maps and a discussion of research challenges for indicator-assisted evaluation and funding of research.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nFor the first time, grant and publication data appear interlinked in one map. Labels are automatically generated for landscape features from the underlying documents. The resulting landscape shows sub-fields in aging research at both global and detailed levels..
\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nDocuments that are positioned close together and dissimilar documents are far apart. Groups of documents create peaks in the data landscape..
\r\nData Used:\r\nGrant and publication data from Behavioral and Social Science Research, one of four extramural research programs at the National Institute on Aging (NIA).
\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nBased on co-term and co-citation analysis\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nVxOrd (force-directed graph layout)..
", "reference": "Kevin W. Boyack & Katy B\u00f6rner. (2003). Indicator-Assisted Evaluation and Funding of Research: Visualizing the Influence of Grants on the Number and Citation Counts of Research Papers, Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology, Special Topic Issue on Visualizing Scientific Paradigms 54(5):447-461.", "title": " Indicator-assisted evaluation and funding of research: Visualizing the influence of grants on the number and citation counts of research papers.", "url": "/maps/map/_indicatorassisted_e_105/", "type": "Map", "created": 2003, "label": " Indicator-assisted evaluation and funding of research: Visualizing the influence of grants on the number and citation counts of research papers.", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Kevin W. Boyack"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/boyack-funding__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T15:02:59.061664", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "A map of the top 50 \"hot\" words in the most highly cited PNAS articles from 1982-2001. Words appearing more often have larger circles, while the circle color and ring color identify when the word first appeared and when its popularity peaked, respectively. This visualization demonstrates the utilization of Kleinberg\u2019s burst detection algorithm, co-word occurrence analysis, and graph layout.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe map shows the top 50 highly frequent and bursty words used in the top 10% most highly cited PNAS publications in 1982-2001.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nPNAS dataset (1982 \u2013 2001)
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nKleinberg\u2019s burst detection algorithm was used to identify the bursty words in the dataset. A set of words obtained by the intersection of high frequency words and bursty words were used for co-word analysis. Pathfinder network scaling was used to identify most relevant links among words
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nAssociations between the words were visualized as a network using Pajek.
", "reference": "Mane Ketan and B\u00f6rner Katy. (2004). Mapping Topics and Topic Bursts in PNAS. PNAS, 101(Suppl. 1):5287-5290. ", "title": "Mapping Topic Bursts", "url": "/maps/map/mapping_topic_bursts_104/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Mapping Topic Bursts", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Ketan K. Mane"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/mane-pnas_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:53:10.234779", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The xFIND gatherer-broker architecture provides a wealth of metadata, which can be used to provide sophisticated search functionality. Local or remote documents are indexed and summaries and metadata are stored on an xFIND broker (server). An xFIND client can search a particular broker and access rich metadata for search result presentation, without having to fetch the original documents themselves. Search result sets are not only presented as a traditional ranked list, but also in an interactive scatterplot (Search Result Explorer) and using dynamic thematic clustering (VisIslands).", "reference": "Andrews, Keith, Vedran Sabol, Wilfried Lackner, Christian G\u00fctl, & Josef Moser (2001). Search Result Visualisation with xFIND. Second International Workshop on User Interfaces to Data Intensive Systems (UIDIS'01), May 31 - June 01, 2001, Zurich, Switzerland.", "title": "VisIslands- Exploring Search Results", "url": "/maps/map/visislands_exploring_103/", "type": "Map", "created": 2001, "label": "VisIslands- Exploring Search Results", "creator": ["Keith Andrews"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/andrews-visislands_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:46:11.866163", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The project LVis (Digital Library Visualizer) aims at the support of the navigation through complex information spaces. It provides a multi-modal, virtual reality interface that maps data stored in digital libraries onto an \"information landscape\". This landscape can then be explored by human users in a natural manner that will support efficient search through related articles. The first 2-D and 3-D prototype visualizes search results from the Dido Image Bank http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/dido/, Department of the History of Art, IU.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nEach crystal represents a set of images with semantically similar image descriptions. Participants can explore the crystalline structures of datasets by navigating this new environment and gaining viewing vantage points. They may select images of interest in order to display a larger and clearer size version. If the larger version is not satisfactory it can be returned to its previous iconic presentation. Those that are of interest may be exhibited in unison and collected as a separate and uniquely chosen grouping.
\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nProximity of images in space represents semantic similarity.
\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nUsers can select different datasets by choosing a specific \"heading\" that is represented in the shape of a collection specific \"head\". In order to explore the heading further, participants must \u201cget inside this head.\u201d
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nDido Image Bank, Department of the History of Art, IU (http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/dido/).
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nLatent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is used to automatically extract semantic relationships between images. The LSA output feeds into a clustering algorithm that groups images into classes of images that share semantically similar descriptors.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nA modified Boltzman algorithm is used to lay out images in space.
\r\n\r\n", "reference": "Katy B\u00f6rner, Andrew Dillon & Margaret Dolinsky (2000) LVis - Digital Library Visualizer. Information Visualisation 2000, Symposium on Digital Libraries, London, England, 19-21 July, pp. 77-81.", "title": "LVis - Digital Library Visualizer", "url": "/maps/map/lvis__digital_librar_102/", "type": "Map", "created": 2000, "label": "LVis - Digital Library Visualizer", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Andrew Dillon", "Margaret Dolinsky"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/borner-lvis_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:42:44.092306", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The authors determined 120 authors cited most often in the 12 key journals of information science during a 24 year span (1972 and 1995) and retrieved the corresponding co-citation data from Social Sci search via DIALOG. The resulting data set was submitted to a co-citation analysis via factor and cluster analyses. Included in the results is an overview of the institutional affiliations of authors, the (evolving) specialty structure of the discipline, and changes in authors' eminence and influence.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nVisualization provides an overview of the institutional affiliations of authors, the (evolving) specialty structure of the discipline, and changes in authors' eminence and influence.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nData from 12 key journals of information science
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nINDSCAL (Individual differences MDS) was used to identify trends in terms of top-cited authors. Hierarchical clustering and factor analysis were used to display the specialty groupings of 120 highly-cited (\"paradigmatic\") information scientists.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nMDS and cluster analysis
\r\n\r\n", "reference": "White, Howard D., and Katherine W. McCain. (1998). Visualizing a Discipline: An Author Co-citation Analysis of Information Science, 1972-\u00ac1995. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49(4):327-355.", "title": "Visualizing a discipline: an author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972\u20131995", "url": "/maps/map/visualizing_a_discip_101/", "type": "Map", "created": 1998, "label": "Visualizing a discipline: an author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972\u20131995", "creator": ["Howard D. White", "Katherine W. McCain"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/white-vis-a-discipline_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:38:15.469130", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The hands-on science maps for kids invite children to see, explore, and understand science from above. This map shows our world and the places where science is practiced or researched. The other shows major areas of science and their complex interrelationships. Both maps also appear in the Illuminated Diagram Display. Watercolor paintings by Fileve Palmer were digitally added by Elisha Hardy to make different continents as well as different areas of science more tangible. Children and adults alike are invited to help solve the puzzle by placing major scientists, inventors, and inventions at their proper places. Start by selecting a map-- do you want to place famous people or major inventions first? Turn the map over when you are done and start again. Look for the many hints hidden in the drawings to find the perfect place for each puzzle piece. What other inventors and inventions do you know? Where would your favorite science teachers and science experiments go? What area of science do you want to explore next?
\r\n\r\nSpecial thanks to Stephen Miles Uzzo, Director of Technology & Michael Lane, Director of Exhibit Services at the New York Hall of Science for manufacturing the physical maps.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nThe base map for each of these maps comes from the Illuminated Diagram display by Kevin Boyack, Richard Klavans, John Burgoon, Peter Kennard, and W. Bradford Paley.
", "reference": "B\u00f6rner, Katy, Fileve Palmer, Julie M. Davis, Elisha F. Hardy, Stephen Miles Uzzo & Bryan J. Hook. (2009). Teaching Children the Structure of Science. In SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (Vol. 7243, pp. 724307: 1-14), SPIE. ", "title": "Hands-on Science Map for Kids", "url": "/maps/map/handson_science_map__100/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Hands-on Science Map for Kids", "creator": ["Fileve Palmer", "Katy B\u00f6rner", "Stephen Miles Uzzo", "Michael Lane", "Julie Marie Smith"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/155-Topic_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:31:58.019717", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The original map consisted of a set of color-coded transparencies. When all transparent overlays are combined or superimposed a complete comparative picture is observed -- both coincidence and non-coincidence of the Asimov historical net-work and citation network. The nodes which were not reinforced by citation connections stand out as pure redlines. The citation connections which coincide with Asimov's historical connections are purple, that is, a combination of red and blue. The same information is revealed by examining the blue overlays separately. Citation connections which are not coincident with Asimov's historical connections stand out as pure yellow lines. The composite of all six overlays reveals those connections established by Asimov alone, by citation data alone, or a combination of the two. A composite of the top four overlays (third through sixth) represents citation data. However, the reader should keep in mind that the citation connections are those established almost exclusively on the basis of nodal data, not on the basis of locating citation data from all possible sources
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nMulti-layer citation graph.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nKey discoveries of understanding the mechanism and role of DNA in protein synthesis are covered in Issac Asimov\u2019s book \u201cThe Genetic Code\u201d were used for the study.
", "reference": "Garfield E, Sher I H, Torpie R J. (1964). The Use of Citation Data in Writing the History of Science, ISI\u00ae Monograph, Institute for Scientific Information\u00ae, Philadelphia.", "title": "Histogram of DNA development", "url": "/maps/map/histogram_of_dna_dev_99/", "type": "Map", "created": 1964, "label": "Histogram of DNA development", "creator": ["Eugene Garfield", "Irving H. Sher", "Richard J. Torpie"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/garfield-dna-historiograph_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:21:55.403668", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This emergent mosaic supplies a macro view of all of the English Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org) and reveals those areas that are currently hot, meaning, of late, they are being frequently being revised.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe visualization contains 1,869 images taken from Wikipedia. This represents about 300 articles for every one image.
\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nThe red nodes are those articles that have been revised more frequently than the smaller yellow nodes. From Feb 6, 2001 to April 6, 2007, articles were edited 52,300,922 times.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nWe would like to thank WikiMedia Foundation for freely making data dumps available for research.
", "reference": "", "title": "Emergent Mosaic of Wikipedian Activity", "url": "/maps/map/emergent_mosaic_of_w_98/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Emergent Mosaic of Wikipedian Activity", "creator": ["Bruce W. Herr, II", "Todd Holloway"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/158-wikivisLowRes71_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:15:12.021111", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Lighthouse is an on-line interface for a Web-based information retrieval system. It accepts queries from a user, collects the retrieved documents from the search engine, organizes and presents them to the user. The system integrates two known presentations of the retrieved results -- the ranked list and clustering visualization -- in a novel and effective way. It accepts the user's input and adjusts the document visualization accordingly.", "reference": "A. Leuski & J. Allan (2000). Lighthouse: Showing the Way to Relevant Information. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Vizualization 2000. A. Leuski & J. Allan(2000). Details of Lighthouse. Technical Report IR-212, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2000.", "title": "Lighthouse: Showing the Way to Relevant Information", "url": "/maps/map/lighthouse_showing_t_97/", "type": "Map", "created": 2000, "label": "Lighthouse: Showing the Way to Relevant Information", "creator": ["Anton Leuski"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/leuski-lighthouse___jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-06-02T14:08:22.077747", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Every country has its own two-letter code, such as .de for Germany and .cn for China. But not all codes are so obvious, such as .lk for Sri Lanka or .za for South Africa. This map provides a visualization of 180 of the 250 country code top level domains (ccTLDs) used by the domain name system of the World Wide Web. The country codes are aligned over the actual countries and sized in to create a visual map of the world. \r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThis map is unique in how it uses country codes to represent their geographic countries. In addition, the inclusion of a color-coded legend makes this map a very useful reference tool for global Webmasters.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nThe database of country/region names and country code top level domains (ccTLDs) maintained by the International Assigned Numbers Authority (www.iana.org).", "reference": "Byte Level Research. 2010. The Map of the World Wide Web. http://www.bytelevel.com/news/world_wide_web_map.html (accessed 6/16/2010).", "title": "Map of the World Wide Web", "url": "/maps/map/map_of_the_world_wid_96/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Map of the World Wide Web", "creator": ["John Yunker"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/159-map_shadow_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-21T11:07:37.495467", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Claudius Ptolemy\u2019s curiosity about the dynamic relationships between the Earth and the sun, the Earth and the moon, and the cause and effect of climate led him to invent the longitude and latitude grid system to construct maps of the world. His mathematical proofs describing Earth as a sphere are still accepted today, despite the fact that he incorrectly placed this sphere as a fixed point in the center of a universe revolving around it daily. This map is taken from an edition of Cosmographiapublished in Ulm, Germany soon after his great works, which had been lost during the Middle Ages, and rediscovered during the Renaissance. This 1482 Ulm edition is noticeably different from previous Italian editions because it was printed from carved wood blocks rather than copperplate engravings. This map shows Africa as an extended southern land and the Indian Ocean as inland water.\r\n\r\nAdditional URLs for this map:
\r\n\r\nhttp://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/Ancient%20Web%20Pages/119mono.html
\r\n\r\nhttp://www.muzeum-polskie.org/
\r\n", "reference": " \u00a91999-2001 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. University Libraries. All rights reserved. James Ford Bell Library, University of Minnesota A Tour of Ptolemy's Maps. James Ford Bell Library. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Cosmographia World Map", "url": "/maps/map/cosmographia_world_m_95/", "type": "Map", "created": 1482, "label": "Cosmographia World Map", "creator": ["Claudius Ptolemy"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/top10-ptolemy1_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-21T10:11:46.299331", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Keith V. Nesbitt is a lecturer in the School of Information Technology at Charles Sturt University in Bathurst, Australia. This hand-drawn map, based on the London Underground Map, shows interconnecting ideas running through his Ph.D. thesis. Each separate \u201ctrack of abstract thought\u201d is given in a different color. Related ideas correspond to category stations along that track. Overlapping ideas are shown as connected stations. The thesis concerns the design of multisensory displays of abstract data with the motivation of mining this abstract data. The familiarity of metro maps makes the diagram easy for readers to interpret. The space in which the tracks are laid out has no meaning, so it is possible to read the map in any direction. However, there is a cultural bias for the tracks to be followed from left to right and top to bottom.", "reference": "Nesbitt, Keith V. 2004. Ph.D. Thesis Map. Newcastle, Australia. Courtesy of IEEE and Keith V. Nesbitt, Charels Sturt University, Australia; \u00a92004, IEEE. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Ph.D. Thesis Map", "url": "/maps/map/phd_thesis_map_94/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Ph.D. Thesis Map", "creator": ["Keith V. Nesbitt"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/nesbitt_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-19T08:17:51.455309", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Governing Values redesigns the world map. Traditional values of longitude, latitude and area are exchanged for statistics sourced from various international organisations.", "reference": "Bufardeci, Louisa. 2004. Governing Values. http://www.louisabufardeci.net/site/pages/gv.html (accessed 6/16/2010). ", "title": "Governing Values", "url": "/maps/map/governing_values_93/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Governing Values", "creator": ["Louisa Bufardeci"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/governing_values__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-19T08:11:05.066764", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Andr\u00e9 Skupin is an Associate Professor of Geography at the San Diego State University. His research interests focus on geographic visualization, visual data mining, and information visualization. This map is a visualization derived from more than 22,000 abstracts submitted to the Annual Meetings of the Association of American Geographers during a ten-year period from 1993 to 2002. The methodology is centered around the representation of each document as an n-dimensional vector of terms. These vectors are used to construct a neural network model of the geographic knowledge domain using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The neural network model is then transformed into two types of information: (1) a landscape in which elevation indicates the degree to which a single, focused topic is addressed; and (2) multilevel text labels associated with regions in the visualization. The final rendering was executed in standard geographic information systems (GIS) software.\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nThe most unique aspect of this visualization is its combination of intense computation with geographic metaphors and cartographic design considerations. From a computational perspective, the use of a self-organizing map consisting of a large number of neurons (10,000) is fairly unique. The final map presented here aims to explore how far we can go in the design of map-like information visualizations. Its use of a range of label sizes (from very large to very small) on a large-format map and the omission of a legend are aimed at challenging traditional notions of interactivity, by encouraging viewers to vary their distance from the map and instigating discussion.
\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\n\r\nCartographic design principles were used throughout.\r\n\r\n
Cognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\n\r\nGeographic and cartographic metaphors.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\nA database of abstracts submitted to the Annual Meetings of the AAG held between 1993 and 2002.
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nVector-space modeling, with the documents represented as n-dimensional vectors.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nSelf-organizing map (SOM)
", "reference": "Skupin, Andr\u00e9 . (2004) The World of Geography: Visualizing a Knowledge Domain with Cartographic Means. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101 (Suppl. 1) 5274-5278. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "In Terms of Geography", "url": "/maps/map/in_terms_of_geograph_92/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "In Terms of Geography", "creator": ["Andr\u00e9 Skupin"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/92_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:50:29.830146", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map depicts the equilibrium of science and society. The graph\r\non the left hand side shows the number of scientists and the growth\r\nin population in the U.S. for nearly 30 years: 1940-1969. Martino\r\ncalculated that the proportion of scientists in the population had\r\nincreased from less than 0.5 percent to about 1%. Today, the U.S.\r\nhas about 300 million people including about 5 million, i.e., 1.7%,\r\nscientists. On the right, the growth in the U.S. gross national product\r\n(GNP) since 1946 and the dollar resources expended in research\r\nand development (R&D) for 1953-1968 are shown. The proportion\r\nof the U.S. GNP devoted to R&D doubled, from slightly less than\r\n1.5% to 3% over that time period. In 2008, the U.S. GNP is $13\r\ntrillion and about $0.3 trillion, i.e., 2.3%, are spent on R&D. While\r\nthe percentage of scientists in the total population increases steadily,\r\nR&D investment as a fraction of GNP appears to be constant and is\r\ndeclining in purchasing power. The primary purpose of this map was\r\nto indicate that science is transitioning to equilibrium and science\r\npolicy makers must start thinking about how to cushion the shocks\r\nwhich will accompany such a transition", "reference": "Martino, Joseph P. 1969. Science and Society in Equilibrium. Courtesy of AAAS. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Science and Society in Equilibrium", "url": "/maps/map/science_and_society__91/", "type": "Map", "created": 1969, "label": "Science and Society in Equilibrium", "creator": ["Joseph P. Martino"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Martino_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:49:04.960092", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The World Bank\u2019s Data Group, National Geographic, and the United\r\nNations undertook a partnership in 2005 to raise awareness of the\r\nMillennium Development Goals (MDGs) (http://www.\r\ndevelopmentgoals.org) by producing and disseminating a large-format,\r\nfull-color wall map highlighting progress toward the goals. National\r\nGeographic was responsible for the cartography and design\r\nwith input from the World Bank. The data was taken from the World\r\nBank\u2019s World Development Indicators (WDI) database and United\r\nNations websites. Produced in 2006, the map presents data up to\r\n2004. The center map together with associated text and charts\r\nportrays the world by income providing a global overview of poverty,\r\nthe first MDG. All eight MDG goals and their human impact are\r\nshown below the world map. The map and charts in the top right\r\ncorner show that much progress has been made in reducing poverty.\r\nProspects are good that the 2015 goal will be met, i.e., the proportion\r\nof people that live on less than U.S. $1 a day will be reduced by half.\r\nThe MDGs are an international commitment. They have been\r\naccepted by both poor and rich countries as a framework for\r\nmeasuring development progress. These goals are a promise. Poor\r\ncountries are committed to actively commit to reducing poverty.\r\nWealthy countries have promised to support global economic and\r\nsocial development. Keep the promise.", "reference": "The World Bank and The National Geographic Society. 2006. The Millennium Development Goals Map: A Global Agenda to End Poverty. Washington, DC. Courtesy of The World Bank and The National Geographic Society. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "The Millennium Development Goals Map", "url": "/maps/map/the_millennium_devel_90/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "The Millennium Development Goals Map", "creator": ["The World Bank", "The National Geographic Society"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/worldgoals_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:47:38.997670", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The Council for Chemical Research (CCR) commissioned expert\r\neconomists to conduct a two-phase study on the quantitative impact\r\nof research and development (R&D) in the chemical sciences. Using\r\npatent and scientific literature, a 20-year timeline from basic research\r\nto market was determined. Furthermore, the experts identified two\r\nmajor feedback cycles: (I) chemical industry innovation is directly\r\nlinked to federally-supported foundational research and (II) the $1\r\nbillion federal investment is leveraged by industry investment of\r\nabout $5 billion dollars for invention development and technology\r\ncommercialization. Experts also calculated that every dollar invested\r\nin R&D by the chemical industry over the past twenty years has\r\ngenerated two dollars in increased operating income, a 17% return\r\non investment after taxes. In 2005, researchers from the Los Alamos\r\nNational Laboratory examined the macroecomonic impacts of the $10\r\nbillion chemical industry income on gross national product (GNP)\r\nand jobs. Using the REMI Policy Insight model they determined a\r\nGNP multiplier of 4 which, applied to the industry operating income\r\nof $10 billion, yields $40 billion in GNP; it also creates 600,000 new\r\njobs, and roughly $8 billion in additional tax revenues each year, some\r\nof which is invested in chemical R&D, closing the cycle. The original\r\nmap appears in \u201cMeasure for Measure: Chemical R&D Powers the\r\nU.S. Innovation Engine\u201dsponsored and published by CCR (2005).", "reference": "Council for Chemical Research. 2009. Chemical R&D Powers the U.S. Innovation Engine. Washington, DC. Courtesy of the Council for Chemical Research. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Chemical R&D Powers the U.S. Innovation Engine", "url": "/maps/map/chemical_rd_powers_t_89/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "Chemical R&D Powers the U.S. Innovation Engine", "creator": ["Council for Chemical Research"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/CCR_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:46:03.627308", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Collision with ships is a leading mortality factor for endangered\r\nwhales. The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS)\r\nis heavily used by endangered whales and a major shipping route.\r\nThe Boston Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) crosses the sanctuary:\r\ntherefore, the area is a potential \u201chot spot\u201d for collisions between\r\nwhales and ships. To reduce collision risk, we: (1) plotted the\r\ndistribution and relative abundance of North Atlantic Right and\r\nOther Baleen Whale sightings within the Sanctuary and adjacent\r\nwaters \u2013 about 255,767 sightings during 1979 \u2013 2004 during the April-\r\nOctober season; (2) identified high use whale areas; (3) reconfigured\r\nthe current TSS path through the Sanctuary to spatially separate\r\nwhales and ships, and; (4) calculated the possible risk reduction. As\r\ncompared to the original TSS, whale sightings in the reconfigured\r\nTSS were reduced by 81% and right whale sightings by 58%. Industry\r\ntransit times increased 9\u201322 minutes. The TSS shift was accepted\r\nby the United Nation\u2019s International Maritime Organization in\r\nDecember of 2006 and became active in July of 2007. This was\r\nthe first shifting of a TSS to mitigate the collision of vessels and\r\nendangered whales in the United States.", "reference": "Wiley, David N., Michael A. Thompson and Richard Merrick. 2006. Realigning the Boston Traffic Separation Scheme to Reduce the Risk of Ship Strike to Right and Other Baleen Whales. Boston. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Realigning the Boston Traffic Separation Scheme to Reduce the Risk of Ship Strike to Right and Other Baleen Whales", "url": "/maps/map/realigning_the_bosto_88/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Realigning the Boston Traffic Separation Scheme to Reduce the Risk of Ship Strike to Right and Other Baleen Whales", "creator": ["Richard Merrick", "Michael A. Thompson", "David N. Wiley"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/whales_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:44:02.005137", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The prevalence of cell phone use in Milan creates a way to estimate\r\npopulation movement in the city. Maps created from this data allow\r\nus to answer questions about where people congregate, for how long,\r\nand at what time of day. They show how people interact with the\r\nphysical environment of the city. Our research team developed a\r\npartnership with Vodafone, one of the largest European cell phone\r\ncompanies, to map this activity. Raw cell phone data for 2004-2005\r\nis mapped here for Milan illustrating urban dynamics that has been\r\nnever been accessible to policy experts at this level of detail. The\r\nhourly population estimates provide urban planners with an enhanced\r\nview of the City. They provide infrastructure planners with a way\r\nto infer urban density, and therefore, create better plans for public\r\ntransport or roadway restrictions. City managers can use this realtime\r\nactivity data to help create plans during emergency events.\r\nUrban designers can identify \u201cgood\u201d spaces as it illustrates where\r\npeople like to congregate. The triangulation techniques established to\r\ncreate these maps can be used to infer population data for developing\r\ncountries where citizens use cell phones on a daily basis.", "reference": "Williams, Sarah, Carlo Ratti and Riccardo Maria Pulselli. 2006. Mobile Landscapes: Using Location Data from Cell Phones for Urban Analysis. Boston, MA. Courtesy of MIT SENSEable City Laboratory. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Mobile Landscapes: Using Location Data from Cell Phones for Urban Analysis", "url": "/maps/map/mobile_landscapes_us_87/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Mobile Landscapes: Using Location Data from Cell Phones for Urban Analysis", "creator": ["Sarah Williams", "Carlo Ratti", "Riccardo Maria Pulselli"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/mobile_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:41:27.116716", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Traditional methods of comparing scientific strengths of nations are\r\nbased on counting papers and citations within journal categories.\r\nHowever, journal category structures are too coarse to accurately\r\nshow the strengths of smaller nations; the U.S. is #1 in most journal\r\ncategories due to its size. Journal-based methods also fail to show\r\nthe subdisciplinary or multidisciplinary nature of many countries\u2019\r\nstrengths. This map introduces a method to identify and visualize\r\nresearch leadership using a reference paper-based classification system\r\nin which millions of papers are segmented into over 80,000 clusters.\r\nThese 80,000 building blocks are individually re-assembled for each\r\nnation to reveal their areas of research leadership.\r\nAnalysis of the top 13 publishing nations shows that our new method\r\nfor measuring research leadership gives a much more accurate and\r\ndetailed accounting of the actual scientific strengths of nations than\r\ndoes the journal-based method. Detailed comparisons are shown for\r\nthree countries in the bottom panel. In particular, strengths of small\r\nnations, along with subdisciplinary and multidisciplinary strength,\r\nare more accurately identified using the new method. Overlaying\r\nU.S. strengths with those from the top 12 competitive nations shows\r\nthe areas in which those nations have a leadership role that is not\r\nmatched by the U.S.", "reference": "Boyack, Kevin W. and Richard Klavans. 2008. U.S. Vulnerabilities in Science. Courtesy of SciTech Strategies. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "U.S. Vulnerabilities in Science", "url": "/maps/map/us_vulnerabilities_i_86/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "U.S. Vulnerabilities in Science", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "Richard Klavans"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/US_Vul_poster_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:39:58.484809", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map is a depiction of the federal discretionary budget compiled\r\nby the Office for Management and Budget and released by the White\r\nHouse each February. Thousands of pages of raw data are boiled down\r\nto the most open and accessible record of our nations\u2019 spending. It is a\r\nuniquely revealing look at our national priorities that fluctuate yearly\r\naccording to the wishes of the President, the power of Congress, and\r\nthe will of the people.
\r\n\r\nOver 500 programs and departments and almost every program that\r\nreceives over $200 million annually are shown using a hierarchical\r\ntree map. Each node\u2019s size is proportional to the size of funding it\r\nreceives. This allows the viewer to quickly compare and contrast levels\r\nof spending and to easily identify government priorities. In addition\r\nto spending levels, percentage data is included to show an increase or\r\ndecrease of funding in response to priorities for that current year.\r\nThe poster was designed for everyone so that they can form their\r\nown opinions and derive their own answers which often differ from\r\npolitical rhetoric.
", "reference": "Bachman, Jess. 2009. Death and Taxes, 2009. Burlington, VT. Courtesy of Jess Bachman. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed on 5/21/2010).", "title": "Death and Taxes 2009", "url": "/maps/map/death_and_taxes_2009_85/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "Death and Taxes 2009", "creator": ["Jess Bachman"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/DeathTaxes_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:38:37.369859", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is a similarity-based cluster map of all grants awarded by the\r\nNational Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2007. Approximately 60,000\r\ngrants are represented as dots, color-coded by NIH Institute. To\r\ngenerate the map, the content of each grant was assessed using\r\ntopic modeling, an unsupervised machine learning method based on\r\nstatistics of co-occurring words in the grants\u2019 abstracts. Grants were\r\nplaced on the map using a layout algorithm that clusters grants with\r\nsimilar topic mixtures near each other. Clusters are labeled by the\r\ncomputationally derived topics with the highest word allocations\r\nin the underlying grants. The result is a cluster map that provides a\r\nglobal view of the NIH funding landscape that can be interactively\r\nexplored at multiple levels, see zooms for Cardiac Diseases Research\r\nand Neural Circuit Research. Shown on the right are funding\r\nportfolios of four institutes together with their top-10 topics.\r\nBy exploring this map, one can see what topics of research are being\r\nheavily pursued, how the topics relate to one another, and what\r\nresearch topics each institute is interested in. The interactive version\r\nof the map is shown on the left and is available online at http://www.\r\nnihmaps.org.", "reference": "Herr II, Bruce W., Gully Burns, David Newman and Edmund Talley. 2007. A Topic Map of NIH Grants 2007. Bloomington, IN. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "A Topic Map of NIH Grants 2007", "url": "/maps/map/a_topic_map_of_nih_g_84/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "A Topic Map of NIH Grants 2007", "creator": ["Bruce W. Herr, II", "Gully Burns (USC)", "David Newman (UCI)", "Edmund Talley"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/NIH_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:35:21.556483", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is the first map created from large-scale, world-wide scholarly\r\nusage data collected by the MESUR project from some of the\r\nworld\u2019s most significant publishers, aggregators, and large university\r\nconsortia. It visualizes the collective flow of how information seekers\r\nmove from one journal to another in their online navigation behavior.
\r\n\r\nThis map is derived from usage data and therefore also reflects the\r\nactions of those who read the literature but rarely publish themselves.\r\nAs a result, practitioner-driven domains are prominently featured.
\r\n\r\n\r\nThe social sciences and humanities are much better connected to the\r\nnatural sciences than expected. Most scientific domains, including\r\nthe social science and humanities, are highly interdisciplinary, but\r\nthe latter more so as shown by the concentration of connections in\r\nthat part of the network.
\r\n\r\nMathematics and physics are not strongly\r\nconnected. Rather mathematics is part of a sub-cluster positioned\r\nin the social sciences and humanities that combines statistics,\r\nsociology and production research. Biology is strongly connected\r\nto the humanities and social sciences via ecology, bio-diversity and\r\narchitecture. Practitioner-driven domains such as nursing and tourism\r\nare strongly manifested in this map because they are highly populated\r\nwith non-publishing, non-citing scholars that nevertheless read the\r\nrelevant literature in their domain.
", "reference": "Bollen, Johan, Herbert Van de Sompel, Aric Hagberg, Luis M.A. Bettencourt, Ryan Chute, Marko A. Rodriquez and Lyudmila Balakireva. 2008. A Clickstream Map of Science. Courtesy of the Authors. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "A Clickstream Map of Science", "url": "/maps/map/a_clickstream_map_of_83/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "A Clickstream Map of Science", "creator": ["Johan Bollen", "Aric Hagberg", "Ryan Chute", "Marko A. Rodriguez", "Lyudmila Balakireva", "Lu\u00eds M.A. Bettencourt", "Herbert Van de Sompel"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Johan_Map_revised_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-19T07:33:05.568269", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "In his 1987 book Networks of Scientific Communications and the\r\nOrganization of Fundamental Research (in Russian) Georgiy G. Dumenton analyzed personal scientific relations in a cluster of six,\r\ntightly connected life sciences institutes of the USSR Academy of\r\nSciences located in the Moscow region in the period between 1967\r\nand 1979. The map shows one side of the two-sided appendix to the\r\nbook comprising Figures 1-39 referred to in the text.
\r\nUsing data acquired via interviews, questionnaires, and participatory\r\nobservation, Figure 3 shows continued (grey) and discontinued\r\n(black) personal scientific relations in the institutes M4 and M2.
\r\nRelationships are ranked from the top to the bottom according to\r\nthe duration of the relationship in years. The tail of the diagram\r\nwith durations of 30 and more years represents almost life-long\r\nrelationships.
Dumenton also recorded motivations and interests\r\nfor scientific relations and developed a typology of epistemic aspects\r\nof scientific collaborations. Figure 6 lists categories for evaluating\r\nthe scientific collaborations such as evaluation of the researcher\u2019s\r\nideas and results; her/his methods; the state of equipment and other\r\nresearch instruments/technology; the exchange of equipment and\r\nother research instruments/technology. Figure 5 shows correlations\r\nbetween these categories and their development over time.
", "reference": "Dumenton, Georgiy. 1987. Networks of Scientific Communications. Moscow, Russia. Courtesy of Nauka and Georgiy Dumenton. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 5th Iteration (2009): Science Maps for Science Policy Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "Networks of Scientific Communications", "url": "/maps/map/networks_of_scientif_82/", "type": "Map", "created": 1987, "label": "Networks of Scientific Communications", "creator": ["Georgiy G. Dumenton"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/0001_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T14:01:20.431955", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The presented work aims to identify major papers and their interrelations, topic trends over time, as well as major authors and their evolving co-authorship networks in the IV Contest 2004 data set. Paper-citation, co-citation, word co-occurrence, burst analysis and co-author analysis were used to analyze the data set. The results are visually presented as graphs, static Pajek [1] visualizations and interactive network layouts. # Diverse clusters of co-authors can be identified in the visualization. The trio of Stuart K. Card, Jock D. Mackinlay and George G. Robertson has co-authored a number of papers through their years at Xerox. These three authors have been the forerunners of research in Information Visualization. These authors are also the only group of people to have co-authored amongst themselves most often, indicating a very successful research trio.
Apart from Stuart K. Card, who seems to have significant collaborations with both Peter Pirolli and Ramana Rao, both Jock D. Mackinlay and George G. Robertson do not seem to have any significant co-authors, despite the latter having the most number of co-authors.
The visualization also indicates that most authors have not co-authored with the same author very often, except for this trio. This could be because of the evolving nature of the field and increasing number of scientists and researchers joining the field, thus giving rise to newer collaborations. This phenomenon could also explain the presence of most nodes in a light green color and being very small in size. The group consisting of nodes representing Lucy T. Nowell, Edward A. Fox, Dennis J. Brueni, and their co-authors is one such example. They possibly represent authors with fewer publications and fewer citations to their credit, on account of their relatively recent entry into the field.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n The visualization shows the results of a time series analysis of the co-authorship network. # A series of snapshots of the different stages of evolution of the co-authorship network has also been provided.
\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nThe link color indicates the year in which the authors began collaborating. The node color indicates the number of citations that they have received while the node size depicts the number of papers that they have published.
\r\n", "reference": "Ke, Weimao, B\u00f6rner, Katy and Viswanath, Lalitha. (2004). Analysis and Visualization of the IV 2004 Contest Dataset. Poster Compendium, IEEE Information Visualization Conference, pp. 49-50, 2004.", "title": "Mapping the Evolution of Co-Authorship Networks ", "url": "/maps/map/mapping_the_evolutio_81/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Mapping the Evolution of Co-Authorship Networks ", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Weimao Ke", "Lalitha Viswanath"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/map-evol_tif_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:54:13.750496", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "To what extent can information visualization scale? This project designs new algorithms and interaction techniques to adapt popular information visualization representations, such as treemaps and scatter plot diagrams, for displaying one million of items or more in a effective way, without resorting to any aggregation technique.
To achieve this goal, we are developing special techniques to: experiment with non standard visual attributes such as shading, transparency and stereo-vision; use animation to help understanding view changes; experiment with new interaction techniques for dynamic labeling (extensions of excentric labels) and; animated \"tours\" to quickly explore a data set with several different views.
To manage optimally the screen real-estate, we are relying on hardware graphics acceleration to allow for smooth transitions between views, interpolation between layouts and synthesis of graphics attributes such as \"overlaps\" (among other things).
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n* Visualizing One Million Items * Visualizing one million of items on a 1600x1200 screen is a challenge in term of visualization, graphics, perception and interaction. We have designed new techniques to achieve it for treemaps and scatter plots.
\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nVisualization systems typically draw items with a one-pixel border, spending two lines and two columns of pixels and sending the geometry twice. We use slightly shaded quadrilaterals so that they remain distinguishable when tiled or stacked.
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nDynamic Queries Dynamic queries rely on interactively filtering and redisplaying a data set through a continuous interaction. Current systems use \"range-sliders\" to filter one attribute either changing the smallest value, the largest, or sweeping a range of values between the smallest and the largest. To achieve the redisplay speed required for smooth interaction, we have designed a technique that relies on hardware acceleration.
The data set should be loaded into main memory. When the user activates a slider to perform the query dynamically, all the items are sent to the GPU and stored in a display list. The Z coordinate is calculated according to the attribute being filtered by the dynamic query so, for example, if a film database is displayed and the user wants to filter on the size of the film, the size is assigned to the Z-axis.
Each time the slider moves, a new near or far plane value is computed and sent to the GPU and the list is redisplayed, leaving the visibility computation to the hardware. Sliders or range-sliders are used to control the interaction. On current systems, their precision is limited to their size, augmenting the size increasing the precision at the cost of screen real-estate and longer movements to reach the slider. Our sliders and range-sliders are small (around 100 pixels) but their precision increase when the mouse leave their region. Fast changes can be done by keeping the mouse on the control's region while precision is achieved by going farther away from the control. See the animation (32Mb file).
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nCombining software and hardware techniques provides a sustained performance around 2.5 million quads per second. By using texture mapping for animating treemaps, we achieve 10 frames per second for animating across any family of treemap. For scatter plots, we have only reached 3 frames per second for animations on 1 million items and 6 frames per second as worst for dynamic queries. Finding techniques for improving that speed would be useful but the next generation of graphics cards and computers will solve the problem.
\r\n", "reference": "Fekete, J.-D., Plaisant, C. Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items, Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2002 (InfoVis 2002), Boston, USA, October 2002. Interactive Information Visualization to the Million , Jan 2002 HCIL Technical Report.", "title": "Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items", "url": "/maps/map/nteractive_informati_79/", "type": "Map", "created": 2002, "label": "Interactive Information Visualization of a Million Items", "creator": ["Jean-Daniel Fekete", "Catherine Plaisant"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/fekete-million-treemap__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:21:14.610815", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is a printed still of an Interactive Sky Chart by Sky & Telescope. Online versions at www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/skychart/ can simulate a naked-eye view of the sky from any location on Earth, at any time of night, on any date from 1600 to 2400. The circle seen here simulates the view of a dome centered over New York City in April 2006. The yellow rectangle represents the view looking into the southeastern part of the dome. The purple rectangle is a view into deep space. The stars and planets charted are the ones typically visible without optical aid under clear suburban skies. Deep-sky objects that can be seen through binoculars are also plotted. Observations over many centuries are used to predict which stars and planets will be visible from different areas at various times of the year. To specify a point on the Earth or celestial sphere, geometers use spherical coordinates. In the case of Earth, these are named latitude and longitude. Astronomers expand Earth\u2019s coordinates out into the celestial sphere using coordinates called declination and right ascension that stay fixed with respect to the stars. This is why they can be permanently printed on star maps.", "reference": "Sinnott, Roger W. and The Interactive Factory. 2006. Sky Chart of New York City in April 2006. Cambridge, MA. Courtesy of Sky & Telescope. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "Sky Chart of New York City in April 2006", "url": "/maps/map/sky_chart_of_new_yor_78/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Sky Chart of New York City in April 2006", "creator": ["Roger W. Sinnott, Interactive Factory"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/138-2D_Sky-Chart__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:18:01.948124", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "No chemistry textbook, classroom, auditorium, or research laboratory is complete without a copy of the periodic table of the elements. Since the earliest days of chemistry, attempts have been made to arrange the known elements in ways that revealed similarities between them. However, it required the genius of Mendeleev in 1869 to see that arranging elements into patterns was not enough; he realized that there was a natural plan in which each element has its allotted place. This applied not only to the known elements, but also left room for elements that were undiscovered at that time. More than 700 versions of the periodic table were produced in the century after Mendeleev. The table shown here was commissioned by the Royal Society of Chemistry in the United Kingdom. It was drawn by Murray Robinson based on scientific data provided by Dr. John Emsley. An interactive version is available online; clicking on an element provides chemical data and other relevant information. More information about the history and logical arrangement of the periodic table is available at www.chemsoc.org/viselements.", "reference": "Robertson, Murray and John Emsley. 2005. Visual Elements Periodic Table. London, United Kingdom. Courtesy of the Royal Society of Chemistry Images, \u00a9 Murray Robertson, 1999-2006. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Visual Elements Periodic Table", "url": "/maps/map/visual_elements_peri_77/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "Visual Elements Periodic Table", "creator": ["Murray Robertson", "John Emsley"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/133-NYPL_periodic__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:16:33.303192", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The Spectrum Chart of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce, also known as the Frequency Allocations Wall Chart, depicts the radio frequency spectrum allocations to radio services operated within the United States. The chart graphically partitions the radio frequency spectrum\u2013extending from 9 kilohertz (kHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz)\u2013into more than 450 frequency bands. Color coding distinguishes the allocations for the 30 different radio services. This chart helps widely diverse audiences gain a general understanding of U.S. domestic spectrum allocation policies. The chart, published in October 2003, depicts the allocation decisions that were made by the NTIA and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) up to July 1, 2003; it replaces a similar chart printed by NTIA in 1996. The U.S. domestic spectrum uses may differ from international allocations that comply with international regulations or bilateral agreements. The chart was produced in Adobe PageMaker. Copies of the chart and background information are available at www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.html.", "reference": "National Telecommunications and Information Administration. 2003. U.S. Frequency Allocations Charts, by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. Washington, DC. Courtesy of the Office of Spectrum Management. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "U.S. Frequency Allocations Chart", "url": "/maps/map/us_frequency_allocat_76/", "type": "Map", "created": 2003, "label": "U.S. Frequency Allocations Chart", "creator": ["National Telecommunications and Information Administration"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/135-NYPL_spectrum_small__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:14:40.765880", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The Institute for the Future (IFTF) is an independent, nonprofit research group that works with various organizations to help them make more informed decisions about the future. The Science & Technology Outlook was developed for the UK Department of Trade and Innovation as part of a study of future trends in science and technology. The Institute conducted six workshops with scientists, journalists, venture capitalists, research and development managers, graduate students, and postdoctoral students. The Outlook is the result of the participants\u2019 suggestions, which are circled and color coded to correspond to major research areas or trends identified as major drivers. The time scale and dates of events are intentionally fuzzy, reflecting the uncertainty of the enterprise. Surrounding the timeline are additional events or trends that participants suggested would help shape the direction of science and technology. Like most roadmaps, the Outlook is designed to be a functional object, not an ornamental one. It also represents a convergence of two formerly distinct practices in futures work. The Institute has a history of producing visual maps in its meetings and brainstorming sessions, but traditionally published text-intensive white papers. The Outlook is one of many maps that both summarizes the collective wisdom of its experts and findings of its researchers, and supports facilitated processes that shapes this wisdom into strategy, policy, and action.", "reference": "Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim, David Pescovitz, Marina Gorbis and Jean Hagan. 2006. Science & Technology Outlook: 2005-2055. Palo Alto, CA. Courtesy of The Institute for the Future. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Science & Technology Outlook: 2005-2055", "url": "/maps/map/_science__technology_75/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Science & Technology Outlook: 2005-2055", "creator": ["Alex Soojung-Kim Pang", "David Pescovitz", "Marina Gorbis", "Jean Hagan"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/75_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:12:59.074325", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "re-p.org is an independent unit for research, concepts, experiments and output in the field of visual design and art. [./logicaland] www.logicaland.net is a project study for visualizing our world\u2019s complex economical, political, and social systems. It is an attempt to realize a prototype of a global simulation that is to be controlled by a community of unlimited participants. [./logicaland] is based on a global world model developed by Frederick Kile and Arnold Rabehl in Wisconsin, USA in the mid-seventies.It has been taken out of its original context and adapted into a participative online game. In rounds of play lasting up to 22 hours, financial and natural resource endowments of 185 states can be manipulated in an interdependent world system.\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nThe parameter changes made by participants become \"votes\" that are polled by the server and fed back into the simulation so that possible effects can be examined. However, a single user's influence is minimal as it is a fraction of all participants' actions. Major change requires collective action.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\nThe simulation starts with \"real\" values from the year 2001, taken from the statistics contained in the CIA World Fact Book.
\r\n", "reference": "Aschauer, Michael, Maia Gusberti, Nik Thoenen and Sepp Deinhofer (Collaborator). 2002. {./logicaland} Participative Global Simulation. Vienna, Austria. Courtesy of Michael Aschauer, Maia Gusberti and Nik Thoenen, in collaboration with Sepp Deinhofer, re-p.org. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (5/21/2010).", "title": "./logicaland Participative Global Simulation", "url": "/maps/map/logicaland_participa_74/", "type": "Map", "created": 2002, "label": "./logicaland Participative Global Simulation", "creator": ["Michael Aschauer", "Maia Gusberti,", "Nik Thoenen"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/74_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T13:08:30.535845", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Rob Bracken, Dave Menninger, Richard Katz, and Michael Poremba are co-founders of San Francisco Informatics, a California-based organization dedicated to \u201cinspiring action with information.\u201d They created The Oil Age chart to communicate the central role of fossil fuels \u2013 especially oil \u2013 in the rise and continuing existence of industrial civilization. Virtually everything we consider modern \u2013 from cars to air travel to plastics \u2013 depends on the empowering force of petroleum, the most energy-dense and versatile substance known to man. The Oil Age chart illuminates the history of oil from critical angles, charting its steady rise in production, mapping its geographical sources, and revealing its deep connection to socio-political events. The chart draws on a wide range of sources, including government statistics and the work of leading geologists such as Colin Campbell, whose oil depletion model forms the chart\u2019s central image spanning most of the Oil Age \u2013 from 1859 to 2050. By displaying forecasts of oil\u2019s peak and decline in the years ahead, the chart poses a difficult question: How will mankind deal with the inexorable depletion of one of its most valuable resources? To date, the chart has been distributed to every member of the U.S. Congress and donated to more than 2,500 teachers nationwide.", "reference": "Bracken, Rob (Writer), Dave Menninger (Graphic Artist), Michael Poremba (Statistician) and Richard Katz (Catalyst). 2006. The Oil Age: World Oil Production 1859-2050. San Francisco, CA. Courtesy of San Francisco Informatics. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "The Oil Age: World Oil Production 1859 to 2050", "url": "/maps/map/the_oil_age_world_oi_73/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "The Oil Age: World Oil Production 1859 to 2050", "creator": ["Michael Poremba ", "Richard Katz ", "Dave Menninger ", "Rob Bracken "], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/73_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:57:44.564112", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This image of Manhattan presents New York literally as a global island. Country shapes are arranged into the form of Manhattan. The circular title reintroduces the shape of the globe. This map is inspired by the international diversity if New York\u2019s residents. New York is a global city in many respects. It is a major hub of the global economy, it attracts world-class talent, and it is a major tourist destination. But the diversity of its residents and their varied contributions make it truly distinct. Each country retains its distinct borders in forming the mosaic of Manhattan. The Global Island suggests that residents from all over the world can coexist, that they are integral to making the City what it is, and they can still retain their separate identities. Rather than a melting pot, the City is a rich mosaic, a microcosm of the world.\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\n2000 US Census data for citizenship, Tract level.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nArcGIS Software was used to draw countries as data in decimal degrees at a scale of 1:50,000,000. A Census tract map of Manhattan was labeled with the derived citizenship data, drawn at a scale of 1:24,000. Both maps were exported into Adobe Illustrator for manipulation. Countries were placed near the Census Tract where most of their citizens were found, and spaced to fit in relation to the other country shapes.
", "reference": "", "title": "New York - Global Island", "url": "/maps/map/new_york__global_isl_72/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "New York - Global Island", "creator": ["Danielle Hartman"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/146-global_city__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:50:55.598640", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map shows the benefits of integrating technology into the classroom. It contains an underlying spatial substrate that was created with procedural rigor. It reflects the consensus of the concept maps created by 13 graduate students in an education course in which the subject matter was integrating technology into the classroom (Kealy, 2001, p. 345).\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nIt is unique in that it was created using the input of an entire class. It is typical in that it has all four elements common to concept maps used in the field of education: (1) nodes, (2) links, (3) connecting words that describe how the nodes are related, and (4) patterns (in this case a spatial ordering of the nodes suggesting their semantic proximity.)
\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\n\r\nExplicitly labeled connections. The linear connections are a powerful grouping principle that convey to the user the association between concepts. The fact that the connections are explicitly labeled allows the viewer to utilize both textual and spatial memory storage areas of the brain.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nSampling of 13 class members.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nMulti-dimensional Scaling ('MDS')
", "reference": "Kealy, William A. (2001). Knowledge Maps and Their Use in Computer-Based Collaborative Learning Environments. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 25(4) 325-349.", "title": "Benefits of Integrating Technology Into the Classroom", "url": "/maps/map/benefits_of_integrat_71/", "type": "Map", "created": 2001, "label": "Benefits of Integrating Technology Into the Classroom", "creator": ["William A. Kealy"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Kealy_concept__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:46:30.635238", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "I have kept every single piece of spam and virus email since mid-1997. Occasionally, it comes in handy, for example, to add na\u00efve Bayesian spam filter to my custom-written email filter. And occasionally I use it to build a chart of spam and virus email. The following chart plots every single piece of spam and virus email that arrived at my work email address since April 1997. Blue dots are spam and red dots are email viruses. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is size of mail (on a logarithmic scale). Darker dots represent more messages. (Messages larger than 1MB have been treated as if they were 1MB.) Note that this chart is not scientific. Only mail which makes it past the corporate spam and virus filters show up on the chart. Why does so much spam and virus mail get through the filters? Because corporate mail filters cannot take the risk of accidentally classifying valid business email as spam. Consequently, the filters have to make sure to remove something only if they has extremely high confidence that the message is unwanted.", "reference": "Copyright 2005 Raymond Chen", "title": "A visual history of spam (and virus) email", "url": "/maps/map/a_visual_history_of__70/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "A visual history of spam (and virus) email", "creator": ["Raymond Chen"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/image001__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:44:25.841868", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is a concept map showing information about concept maps.\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\n\r\nExplicitly labeled connections. The linear connections are a powerful grouping principle that convey to the user the association between concepts. The fact that the connections are explicitly labeled allows the viewer to utilize both textual and spatial memory storage areas of the brain.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nSoftware generated spatial layout.
\r\n\r\nProject URL:\r\nhttp://cmap.coginst.uwf.edu/index.html\r\nhttp://cmap.ihmc.us/Publications/ResearchPapers/TheoryCmaps/TheoryUnderlyingConceptMaps.htm\r\n ", "reference": "", "title": " Concept Maps", "url": "/maps/map/_concept_maps_69/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": " Concept Maps", "creator": ["Joseph Novak"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Cmap_Concept_Map2__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:42:19.309809", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "A map of human physiology from the book \"Bases fisiol\u00f3gicas de la pr\u00e1ctica m\u00e9dica\", from Best & Taylor (Editorial M\u00e9dica Panamericana). In the book, it comes as a detached 8 page flyer of 55 x 80 cm. and works also as the book organizer.\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nA highly interconnected and interdependent domain is mapped from a functional point of view, serving as the reference place from which to understand and study many physiological and clinical concepts and functions. Also interesting are the focus+context \"extractions\" (as we call them) that opens each section of the book. In each one, the present focus of study is shown with it's most direct related things, even if they are \"outside\" it. Note: It is important to see the map in context with the book.Due to the overlap, the book works as the pivotal reference to integrate knowledge.
\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\n\r\nGrouping (by place, size and color). Analogy.\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nCity transport as analogy to connections between functions and concepts.\r\nData Used:\r\nDomain knowledge (no \"hard\" data).
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nNone
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nIt was done by hand and eye (more art than science in this case)... sizes and colores were designed to show grouping and convey a sense of relative importance, while allowing the reader to \"see\" many routes and levels connected but distinctly \"followable\".
", "reference": "Bases fisiol\u00f3gicas de la pr\u00e1ctica m\u00e9dica, Best & Taylor. 13ava edici\u00f3n en espa\u00f1ol por Dvorkin y Cardinalli (coeditores), Editorial M\u00e9dica Panamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina ", "title": "Mapa fisiologico del cuerpo humano (human physiology map)", "url": "/maps/map/mapa_fisiologico_del_68/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Mapa fisiologico del cuerpo humano (human physiology map)", "creator": ["Mario Dvorkin", "Romina Romano", "Eduardo Mercovich"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/111-mapa-fisiologia-best-y-taylor__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:37:21.480282", "nifty_fact": "posted on flickr by jurvetson", "description": "Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words. BBN is the random scatter of green in the middle (early ARPANET). Sprint is the organized star topology in purple near the top. AOL is a gray disconnected island in the lower center. There is little correlation between this network connectivity graph and physical geography, except for a clustering of Pac Rim connectivity.", "reference": "", "title": "Internet Splat Map", "url": "/maps/map/internet_splat_map_67/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "Internet Splat Map", "creator": ["Ben Worthen", "William Cheswick"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/internet_splat__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:32:02.098446", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The tile map is a useful semi-graphical display for data with seasonal variation. One square (tile) is plotted for each day of the year; the color of the tile shows the level of Ozone concentration in Los Angeles for that day, with lighter shades indicating lower concentration and darker shades showing higher concentrations. (Ed. note: this is true of the B/W version in the printed paper, but not true of the color version shown here, which uses 'elevation mapping' of colors to ozone concentration.) The figure shows the data for the 10 years, 1982 - 1991. Within each year, ozone concentrations are higher in the summer months; Over years, the concentrations in the summer months have decreased.", "reference": "Mintz, D., Fitz-Simons, T. & Wayland, M. \"Tracking Air Quality Trends with SAS/GRAPH\", SUGI 22 Proceedings, 807-812.", "title": "Tile Maps for Temporal Patterns", "url": "/maps/map/tile_maps_for_tempor_66/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "Tile Maps for Temporal Patterns", "creator": ["David Mintz", "Terence Fitz-Simons", "Michelle Wayland"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/ozone__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:22:58.024357", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is an example of a moral fantasy map that were common as early as the 16th century. The map displays the domain of courtship. It uses the metaphor of geographic space to portray the route one must travel to win the affection of one\u2019s love interest. The goal of the participant is to move from the bottom of the map to the top while avoiding such undesirable locales as the \u201cLake of Indifference,\u201d the \u201cDangerous Sea,\u201d or the \u201cSea of Enmity.\u201d\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nNon-spatial stages of personal growth are displayed spatially using cartographic metaphors.", "reference": "De Jongh, Charles & Ormeling, Ferjan (2003). Mapping Non-Spatial Phenomena. http://lazarus.elte.hu/cet/publications/proc13-ormeling.htm Orenstein, Gloria Feman, Journey Through Mlle. De Scudery\u2019s Carte De Tendre: A 17th Centruy Salon Woman\u2019s Dream http://www.femspec.org/samples/salon.html", "title": "Carte du Tendre (Map of Affection or Tenderness) ", "url": "/maps/map/carte_du_tendre_map__65/", "type": "Map", "created": 1654, "label": "Carte du Tendre (Map of Affection or Tenderness) ", "creator": ["Madeleine de Scud\u00e9ry", "Fran\u00e7ois Chauveau"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/105-cartedutendre__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:20:17.609270", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Map of the USA made with license plates.", "reference": "", "title": "License Plate Map of USA", "url": "/maps/map/license_plate_map_of_64/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "License Plate Map of USA", "creator": ["Kevin Hutchinson"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/state_usa__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:18:28.140549", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Photos taken by Bertrand Eberhard at the 2003 exhibition \"l'invention du monde\" at the Centre Georges Pompidou. Exhibit curated by Florence Morat. Photo posted by Lemoox on Flickr.", "reference": "", "title": "where do you live (2)?", "url": "/maps/map/where_do_you_live_2_63/", "type": "Map", "created": 2003, "label": "where do you live (2)?", "creator": ["Bertrand Eberhard"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/feets2__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:14:46.296234", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Reminds Svanes of the droll Norwegian film \"Kitchen Stories,\" featuring a Swedish research team that is sent to northern Norway to investigate the kitchen habits of solitary adult men... If you've seen it, you'll know what I mean.\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\nSvanes did NOT take this photo. however, on her computer, she has an ever evolving file for inspiration pics, and found this image while scrounging around for something else. It came from blueprint magazine and has been in her folder for years. ", "reference": "", "title": "The Meal", "url": "/maps/map/the_meal_62/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "The Meal", "creator": ["posted by Svanes on Flickr"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/meal__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:08:43.053401", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Chaomei Chen, Jian Zhang, and Lisa Kershner work in the College of Information Science and Technology at Drexel University. Michael is in the Department of Physics at Drexel University. J. Richard Gott III works at Princeton University and Mario Juric is at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. This image depicts 1) a circular map of the entire universe selectively annotated with discovery dates and the durations of accelerated citation growth, continuous burst of citations; 2) a time spiral of emergent themes from astronomical literature specifically related to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS); and 3) an evolving network of novel topics.\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nThe map of the universe depicts a total of 618,233 distinct astronomical objects, including some of the most distant quasars discovered by the SDSS and interesting regions of discoveries such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, according to their right ascension and the natural logarithm of its distance from Earth. Short-term predictions of research trends can be made by linear extrapolation of the current average citation acceleration rate in the SDSS literature, 3.17 years with a standard deviation of 1.8 years. Candidates of points of growth in the near future are suggested in the network and the time spiral.", "reference": "Chen, Chaomei, Jian Zhang, Lisa Kershner, Michael S. Vogeley, J. Richard Gott III and Mario Juric. 2007. Mapping the Universe: Space. Time. Discovery! Philadelphia, Pa and Princeton, NJ. Courtesy of Drexel University and Princeton University. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Mapping the Universe: Space. Time. Discovery!", "url": "/maps/map/mapping_the_universe_61/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Mapping the Universe: Space. Time. Discovery!", "creator": ["Chaomei Chen", "Jian Zhang", "Michael S. Vogeley", "Mario Juric", "Lisa Kershner", "J. Richard Gott, III"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/166-ChenUniverse__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:06:20.016616", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Bruce W. Herr II and Russell Duhon are senior software developers at the Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center at Indiana University. They develop infrastructures to analyze, model, and map large-scale scholarly datasets such as the 113-year Physical Review dataset shown here.\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nEach year, Thomson Scientific predicts three Nobel Prize awardees in physics based on citation counts, high impact papers, and discoveries or themes worthy of special recognition. The small Nobel Prize medals indicate all Nobel prize-winning papers, and all correct predictions by Thomson Scientific are highlighted.\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\nThe visualization aggregates 389,899 articles published in 720 volumes of 11 journals between 1893 and 2005. The 91,762 articles published from 1893 to 1976 take up the left third on the map. In 1977, the Physical Review introduced the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) codes, and the visualization subdivides into the top-level PACS codes. The 217,503 articles from 1977 to 2000, for which partial citation data is available, occupy the middle third on the map. The 80,634 articles from 2001 to 2005, for which complete citation data is available, fill the last third of the map. On top of this base map, all citations from the papers in every top-level PACS code in 2005 are overlaid.", "reference": "Herr II, Bruce W., Russell Jackson Duhon (Data Mining & Visualization), Elisha F. Hardy (Graphic Design), Shasikant Penumarthy (Data Preparation) and Katy B\u00f6rner (Concept). 2007. 113 Years of Physical Review. Bloomington, IN. Courtesy of Indiana University. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "113 Years of Physical Review", "url": "/maps/map/113_years_of_physica_60/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "113 Years of Physical Review", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Bruce W. Herr, II", "Russell J. Duhon", "Shashikant Penumarthy", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/171-PhysRev__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:04:31.731798", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The galaxy-like map of science was created using a multi-step process from the citation patterns in 800,000 scientific papers published in 2002. Each dot in the galaxy represents one of the 96,000 research communities active in science in 2002.
A research community is a group of papers (9 on average) that are written on the same research topic in a given year. Over time, communities can be born, continue, split, merge, or die.
The galaxy map was generated by calculating a disciplinary map based on journals, and then overlaying research community positions on the disciplinary map. The disciplinary map was calculated from normalized journal-to-journal bibliographic coupling coefficients and consisted of some 7300 journals that formed 671 clusters.
Journal cluster positions were calculated using the VxOrd layout algorithm. Research community memberships were calculated from normalized bibliographic coupling coefficients between papers, VxOrd for layout, and a modified single-link clustering routine. Research community positions were then calculated based on the journal distribution within each community. Thus, for example, communities with all papers in biochemistry journals show up in the biochemistry section of the galaxy map, while communities evenly split between biochemistry and chemistry journals show up midway between the biochemistry and chemistry areas of the map.
\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nThis is the most comprehensive (and in the authors' opinion, the most accurate) literature map ever generated.
\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\n\r\nFull (large) map on left allows viewer to identify major disciplines and learn a disciplinary framework. Smaller maps on right allow viewer to mentally overlay topical information on the disciplinary framework. Colors tie text passages (stories) with map labels.
\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\n\r\nGalaxy plot uses a starfield metaphor, where black indicates open space. Proximity, concentration of, and distance between dots and clusters indicate distance between fields, size of fields, and levels of interdisciplinary activity. Labels are also sized to scale to the size of each discipline (cubed root).
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\nCombined Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index, file year 2002.
\r\n\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nindex based on bibliographic coupling counts at the paper level.
\r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\n\r\nVxOrd (force-directed graph layout).
", "reference": "Boyack, Kevin W. and Richard Klavans. 2005. The Structure of Science. Albuquerque, NM and Berwyn, PA. Courtesy of Kevin W. Boyack, Sandia National Laboratories and Richard Klavans, SciTech Strategies, Inc. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010)..", "title": "The Structure of Science", "url": "/maps/map/the_structure_of_sci_59/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "The Structure of Science", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "Richard Klavans"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/59_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T12:01:22.093447", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Timeline map of a collection of journal papers from the specialty of anthrax research. Groups of topic related papers are plotted in horizontal tracks by publication date. A tree on the left shows how topic groups are related. Topic labels are on the right. Important events in anthrax research are noted on the plot.\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe timeline shows emergence and obsolescence of research topics, and also shows historically important papers as large circles, and currently important papers as red-filled circles. Importance is measured by the number of times a paper has been cited. Note the emergence of several new topics at the bottom of the plot, which show the reponse of the research community to the anthrax postal bioterror attacks in late 2001.\r\n\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\n\r\n\"Continuance\" is used to communicate temporal relationships, \"proximity\" is used to show related topics, and \"alignment\" is used to group related papers, \"size\" is used to communicate importance of papers.\r\n\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\n\r\nHierarchical sequencing of information is used to communicate the overal structure of research topics being displayed.\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nThe raw data is a list of references cited by each paper in the collection. This data is processed to find the number of common references cited by each pair of papers.\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nHierarchical agglomerative clustering, based on common references cited by paper pairs, is used to group papers into topics.", "reference": "Morris, S. A. and Boyack, K. W. 2005. Visualizing 60 years of anthrax research. Accepted for presentation at the 10th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Stockholm, Sweden, July 24-28, 2005. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Timeline of 60 years of anthrax research literature", "url": "/maps/map/timeline_of_60_years_58/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "Timeline of 60 years of anthrax research literature", "creator": ["Steven Morris"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/58_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:58:51.869630", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Marc Smith was a Research Sociologist leading the Community Technologies Group at Microsoft when this map was created. He directed the setup of Netscan, one of the most powerful social network analysis infrastructures in existence today. Dr. Danyel Fisher is a researcher in the same group interested in understanding the ways that members of online groups interact. This visualization portrays the activity of 189,144 newsgroups with 257,442,374 postings in 2004. It uses the treemap layout originally introduced by Ben Shneiderman at the University of Maryland. Each newsgroup is represented by a square. The size of each square corresponds to the number of people who posted at least twice. Color coding is used to show the increase or decrease in the number of posters compared to the 2003 data: red indicates fewer; green denotes more. Each square is labeled as a literal hierarchy, i.e., rec.pets \u201ccontains\u201d rec.pets.cats. The growth of certain newsgroups, e.g., the alt.binaries groups (at the bottom left), and the decline of the comp. groups (in the middle right) can be seen at a glance.\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThis map brings out a broad overview in the dynamics of Usenet and shows something about how groups are changing. It represents a very large, diverse online space very vividly.\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nColor opposition: Red and green are color opposites, and show vivid contrast for growth and shrinkage.\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nWe apply the notion of drawing out the hierarchical names of Usenet groups as a literal hierarchy, including the idea that rec.pets \u201ccontains\u201d rec.pets.cats.\r\nData Used:\r\nThe Netscan project (http://netscan.research.microsoft.com) has collected a thorough archive of Usenet message information since 1999, and statistically aggregates messages by group. This map is based on an analysis of the Usenet data store.\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nThe \u201cTreemap\u201d technique (Shneiderman, 1992) fills a space with rectangles proportionate to the size of the groups.", "reference": "Smith, Marc and Danyel Fisher. 2004. Treemap View of 2004 Usenet Returnees. Redmond WA. Courtesy of Community Technologies Group, Microsoft Research. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 05/21/2010).", "title": "Treemap View of 2004 Usenet Returnees", "url": "/maps/map/treemap_view_of_2004_57/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "Treemap View of 2004 Usenet Returnees", "creator": ["Marc Smith", "Danyel Fisher", "Tony Capone"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/57_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:54:36.782604", "nifty_fact": "Earlier Displays of the exhibit included the History Flow Map on Evolution", "description": "History Flow Visualization of the Wikipedia Entry on \u201cAbortion\u201d, by Martin Wattenberg and Fernanda B. Vi\u00e9gas Dr. Martin Wattenberg at IBM Watson Research Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Dr. Fernanda B. Vi\u00e9gas, formerly with MIT Media Laboratory and now at IBM, designed the History Flow visualization technique. History Flow helps reveal complex records of contributions and collaboration. Among other uses, it can be applied to show the evolution of documents, e.g., Wikipedia entries created by people all over the world. The map shows the edit history of the Wikipedia entry on \"Abortion.\" A list of color-coded contributing authors of this entry is given on the left. The graph in the middle shows the History Flow visualization where each version of the entry is represented by a vertical line, sorted in time, from left to right. Text contributed by a specific author is represented as color coded, horizontal band.\r\nBands are thickness coded by the length of the text contributed to a specific version. The right column shows the entry as of April 20th,\r\n2003 at 5:32pm, color-coded according to the author of the final edit.\r\nAs can be seen, the page has been edited by many different authors and it survived several complete deletions\r\n", "reference": "Viegas F., Wattenberg M. and Kushal D. (2004). Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with History Flow Visualizations. Proceedings of SIGCHI, 575--582, Vienna, Austria. ACM Press. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "History Flow Visualization of the Wikipedia Entry on \u2018Abortion\u2019", "url": "/maps/map/history_flow_visuali_56/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "History Flow Visualization of the Wikipedia Entry on \u2018Abortion\u2019", "creator": ["Martin Wattenberg", "Fernanda Vi\u00e9gas"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/wattenberg_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:51:33.728065", "nifty_fact": "Contributed by Katy B\u00f6rner", "description": "Dr. Kevin W. Boyack works in the Computation, Computers, and Mathematics Center at Sandia National Laboratories. Dr. Richard Klavans works with SciTech Strategies, Inc. Both share an interest in the mapping of science as a platform for planning and evaluation on the national, corporate, and personal levels. Science can be thought of as containing themes and paradigms; themes are current areas of research, while paradigms comprise the dominant tool sets and existing knowledge that are used by current researchers. To generate this map, Boyack and Klavans used the VxOrd graph layout tool to recursively cluster the 820,000 most important papers referenced in 2003, resulting in 776 paradigms. The most dominant relationships between paradigms were also calculated and are shown as lines between paradigms. The map of scientific paradigms constitutes a reference system that can be used for multiple purposes. Countries, industries, companies, and individual researchers can all locate themselves within the map, either as a single point, or as a specific collection of paradigms. Science education and discovery can also be enhanced by linking to the map stories and facts that highlight content and relationships between scientific paradigms.", "reference": "Boyack, Kevin W. and Richard Klavans. 2006. Map of Scientific Paradigms. Albuquerque, NM and Berwyn, PA. Courtesy of Kevin W. Boyack, Sandia National Laboratories and Richard Klavans, SciTech Strategies, Inc. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "Map of Scientific Paradigms", "url": "/maps/map/map_of_scientific_pa_55/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Map of Scientific Paradigms", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "Richard Klavans"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/boyack-paradigms_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:49:26.630723", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Katy B\u00f6rner, Elisha Hardy, Bruce W. Herr II, and Todd Holloway of the Information Visualization Lab at Indiana University designed and implemented the Taxonomy Visualization (TV) tool in collaboration with W. Bradford Paley. The tool supports the semi-automatic validation and optimization of organization schemas such as file directories, classification hierarchies, taxonomies, or any other structure imposed on a data set as a means of organizing, structuring, and naming. By showing the \u201cgoodness of fit\u201d of a schema and the potentially millions of items it organizes, the TV eases the identification and reclassification of misclassified information entities, the identification of classes that grew over-proportionally, the evaluation of the size and homogeneity of existing classes, the examination of the \u201cwell-formedness\u201d of an organization schema, etc.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe TV shows the organization schema as a hierarchy in which sublevels are indented according to their depth in the hierarchy. Item properties are represented by bar graphs on the left-hand side of the schema. Item and class interrelations are denoted by line overlays. The map displays the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent classification, which organizes 3 million patents into about 160,000 distinct patent classes. Exemplarily shown are two patents, together with, respectively, their prior art and impact.
", "reference": "B\u00f6rner, Katy, Elisha F. Hardy, Bruce W. Herr II, Todd Holloway and W. Bradford Paley. (2007). Taxonomy Visualization in Support of the Semi-Automatic Validation and Optimization of Organizational Schemas. Journal of Infometrics. Vol. 1(3), 214-225, Elsevier. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "Taxonomy Visualization of Patent Data", "url": "/maps/map/taxonomy_visualizati_54/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Taxonomy Visualization of Patent Data", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "W. Bradford Paley", "Bruce W. Herr, II", "Todd Holloway", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/141-TaxonomyValidatorMatted_72dpi__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:47:42.789898", "nifty_fact": "Contributed by Katy B\u00f6rner", "description": "W. Bradford Paley approached making a map of science indirectly by making a map of a book on \u201cThe History of Science\u201d by Henry Smith Williams. The history\u2019s first two volumes are organized strictly historically, so as the book wraps around the right side of the ellipse, it is organized as a time line.
The next two volumes distinguish two major domains - making two time lines - for more recent scientific exploration: the physical sciences (along the bottom left) and the life sciences (top left).
Since the scattered words are pulled toward the places where they are used in the text \u2013 see the map itself for a better description of the layout \u2013 structure emerges: names of individuals appear along the outside, as they are usually mentioned in only one or two places, and concepts that are common to science of all eras (e.g., system, theory, experiment) are pulled to the center, as they are mentioned everywhere.
Even more fascinating, subjects that provided the main focus for certain areas are not near the specific edges nor the general center, but in a local, topical band between the two (e.g., mind, knowledge, and conception during the philosophic beginnings of science; moon, Earth, sun, and stars somewhat later; electricity, light, and forces in the recent physical sciences; and animals, disease, development, and brain in the recent life sciences)
", "reference": "Paley, W. Bradford. 2006. TextArc Visualization of \"The History of Science\". New York, NY. Courtesy of W. Bradford Paley. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "TextArc Visualization of \u201cThe History of Science\u201d", "url": "/maps/map/textarc_visualizatio_53/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "TextArc Visualization of \u201cThe History of Science\u201d", "creator": ["W. Bradford Paley"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/140-TextArcHistoryMatted_72dpi__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:42:01.078773", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Eugene Garfield, founder of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), introduced \u201cThe Use of Citation Data in Writing the History of Science\u201d in 1964. Forty years later, his HistCite\u2122 tool at www.histcite.com automatically generates chronological tables and historiographs of topical paper collections. It helps researchers, librarians, and others to identify core papers on a topic in question; to understand the impact of specific authors, papers, and journals; and to make sense of the history of old and new research topics. The HistCite\u2122 tables support the interactive display and permit the sorting of papers chronologically as well as by journal, volume, issue number and page, and citation scores. The historiographic view reveals citation patterns among major core papers. Nodes in the graph represent papers and are displayed in chronological order. Node sizes denote the relative number of citations each core paper has received. Edges represent citation linkages. The graph in the left shows Garfield\u2019s 1964 manually compiled historiograph of key articles in the history of DNA from Gregor Mendel in 1865, to Marshall Nirenberg in 1961, to the Watson-Crick Paper on the helical structure of DNA in 1953. It is contrasted with an automatically generated HistCite\u2122 graph of key papers citing the 1953 primordial Watson-Crick paper shown on the right.", "reference": "Garfield, Eugene. 2006. HistCiteTM Visualization of DNA Development by Eugene Garfield (HistCiteTM) Elisha Hardy, Katy B\u00f6rner (Graphic Design), Ludmila Pollock (Images), and Jan Witkowski (Text). Philadelphia, PA. Courtesy of Eugene Garfield, Thomson ISI, Indiana University and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed on 05/21/2009).", "title": "HistCite\u2122 Visualization of DNA Development", "url": "/maps/map/histcite_visualizati_52/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "HistCite\u2122 Visualization of DNA Development", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Eugene Garfield", "Ludmilla Pollock", "Jan Witkowski", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/139-histcitenew__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:39:43.021056", "nifty_fact": "This work is also featured in B\u00f6rner, Katy & Andrea Scharnhorst. (2009). Visual Conceptualizations and Models of Science. Special Issue on the Science of Science, Journal of Informetrics. Vol. 3(3), Elsevier. ", "description": "Daniel Zeller\u2019s drawings depict abstract spaces in beauty and inspiring complexity. The visual language he developed stimulates people\u2019s intellect and emotions in unexpected ways. This drawing conceptualizes science as layers of interconnected scientific fields. Starting with the very first scientific thought, science grows outwards in all directions.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nEach year, another layer is added to the meteor shaped manifestation of knowledge. New areas emerge (blue), established areas (brown) merge, split, or die. The cut-out reveals layering of fat years that produce many new papers and slim years in which few papers are added. Each research field corresponds to a tube-shaped object. Some have very fast growth patterns due to electronic papers that are interlinked within days. Other fields communicate knowledge via books, and years might pass before the first citation bridge is created.
Blue tentacles could symbolize the search for opportunities and resources, or activity bursts due to hype and trends. The injection of money (yellow) has a major impact on how science grows. There are voids in our knowledge that are potentially inhabited by monsters. The trajectories of scientists that consume money, write papers, interlink papers via citation bridges, and fight battles on the front lines of research could be overlaid. Yet, scientists are mortal. All they leave behind are the knowledge structures that future generations can build upon.
", "reference": "Zeller, Daniel. (2007). Hypothetical Model of the Evolution and Structure of Science. New York, NY. Courtesy of Daniel Zeller. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M.. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Hypothetical Model of the Evolution of Science", "url": "/maps/map/hypothetical_model_o_51/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Hypothetical Model of the Evolution of Science", "creator": ["Daniel Zeller"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/51_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:37:27.521151", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Richard Klavans is President of SciTech Strategies, Inc., and Dr. Kevin W. Boyack works in the Computation, Computers, and Mathematics Center at Sandia National Laboratories. They are interested in the mapping of science as a platform for planning, evaluation, and education at national, corporate, and personal levels.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nA forecast of how the structure of science may change in the near future was generated by evaluating the change in the connectedness of various regions of the map over time. We find that the structure of science is very likely to change in the future. These maps tell this story.
\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nGroups of journals characterizing the disciplines on the map were defined using a metric based on a combination of the bibliographic coupling of references and keyword vectors. A three-dimensional layout of the disciplines (groups of journals) places those disciplines on a sphere, which is then unfolded using a mercator projection to give a two-dimensional version of the map.
\r\nData Used:\r\nThis most recent map of science is based on the largest set of scientific literature yet mapped: 7.2 million papers and over 16,000 separate journals, proceedings, and series from a five year period, 2001-2005.
", "reference": "Klavans, Richard and Kevin W. Boyack. (2007). Maps of Science: Forecasting Large Trends in Science. Berwyn, PA and Albuquerque, NM. Courtesy of Richard Klavans, SciTech Strategies, Inc. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed on 05/21/2010).", "title": "Maps of Science: Forecasting Large Trends in Science", "url": "/maps/map/maps_of_science_fore_50/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Maps of Science: Forecasting Large Trends in Science", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "Richard Klavans"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/50_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:35:25.073767", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Bruce W. Herr II is a Senior Software Developer at the Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center and Todd Holloway a Ph.D. student in Computer Science, both at Indiana University.\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nHere the same base map with a 37 x 37 grid of relevant half-inch sized images from Wikipedia is used. Overlaid are 3,599 math, 6,474 science, and 3,164 technology relevant articles. They are color coded in blue, green, and yellow, respectively. All other articles are given in grey. Exactly 8,181 articles are in one category, 2,348 in two, and 73 in three categories leading to interesting color mixtures. The four corners show smaller versions of the map with articles size coded according to article edit activity (top left), number of major edits from January 1st, 2007 to April 6th, 2007 (top right), number of bursts in edit activity (bottom right) and indegree, e.g., the number of times other articles link to an article (bottom left). These visualizations serve to highlight current trends and predict future editing activity and growth in science, technology, and mathematics related Wikipedia articles. We would like to thank WikiMedia Foundation for freely making data dumps available for research.\r\nData Used:\r\nThey previously mapped 659,388 Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org) articles and their editing activity, see scimaps.org/maps/wikipedia. ", "reference": "Herr II, Bruce W. (Data Mining & Visualization), Todd Holloway (Data Mining), Elisha F. Hardy (Graphic Design), Kevin W. Boyack (Graph Layout) and Katy B\u00f6rner (Concept). (2007). Science Related Wikipedian Activity. Bloomington IN and Albuquerque, NM. Courtesy of Indiana University. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Science Related Wikipedian Activity", "url": "/maps/map/science_related_wiki_49/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Science Related Wikipedian Activity", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "Bruce W. Herr, II", "Todd Holloway", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/49_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:27:08.714952", "nifty_fact": "Based upon a galaxy metaphor", "description": "The Center for Research Planning has spent over 25 years improving the modeling process first developed by ISI. For example, the map you see covers 38,000 research communities (a research community is a cluster of papers representing a group of researchers working on the same problem). The spatial relationship between the 38,000 research communities are from a proprietary visualization program developed for Strategies for Science & Technology. Network relationships between these 38,000 research communities are not shown but are available for client studies. These network relationships allow a manager to identify the high performance research that will impact their area of interest. This provides a unique and powerful way to identify emerging areas of science. Scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the context of their research activities. The map of science is especially useful for scientists who are interested in multidisciplinary research or research that draws from discoveries in related disciplines. Journal editors can map out the domains of their journal and utilize quantitative measures for journal strategy and performance. One can assess the ability of a journal to explore new topics that have higher performance characteristics. One can also assess the ability of a journal to abandon old topics that have lower performance characteristics. R&D managers can use the map of science to develop a science strategy for the firm. High impact threats and opportunities can be identified and assessed quickly and effectively. Quantitative indicators of organizational strengths are useful for self-assessments and identification of alliance partners. Corporate managers can use the map of science to communicate and evaluate a firm's science strategy. This high level view of science allows the executive to focus on the broader strategic issues. The ability to drill down for detailed information allows for an informed evaluation of the performance of a firm's science strategy.\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nBibliographic data from peer reviewed articles from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). \r\n\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nVxOrd (force-directed graph layout).\r\n ", "reference": "Klavans, R. (2000). Presented at the Sackler Symposium on Mapping Science, 2003, Irvine, CA", "title": "2000 Structure of Science", "url": "/maps/map/2000_structure_of_sc_48/", "type": "Map", "created": 2000, "label": "2000 Structure of Science", "creator": ["Richard Klavans"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/klavans-mos__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:24:53.857038", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "A combination of data consisting of 40 years of literature data from Medline, genes data from Entrez-Gene and protein data from Uniprot were used for this analysis. Techniques like Burst detection were applied to identify highly researched genes and proteins. Co-sine similarity measure was used to identify association between genes, proteins and papers. Data layout was done using VxOrd and VxInsight.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe graph provides a global view of the melanoma domain.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\nLiterature data from Medline (1960 \u2013 2004), Gene data from Entrez-gene and protein data from Uniprot.
\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nKleinberg\u2019s burst detection algorithm was used to identify the top researched melanoma related genes and proteins. Co-sine similarity was used to obtain similarity measures between papers, genes and proteins.
\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nVxOrd (force-directed graph layout). VxInsight for interactive exploration
", "reference": "Boyack, Kevin W., Mane, Ketan and B\u00f6rner, Katy. (2004). Mapping Medline Papers, Genes, and Proteins Related to Melanoma Research. IV2004 Conference, London, UK, pp. 965-971. ", "title": "Mapping Medline Papers, Genes and Proteins Related to Melanoma Research", "url": "/maps/map/mapping_medline_pape_47/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Mapping Medline Papers, Genes and Proteins Related to Melanoma Research", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Kevin W. Boyack", "Ketan K. Mane"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/boyack-melanoma__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:21:40.597340", "nifty_fact": "GIS systems \u2013 ESRI\u2019s ArcView", "description": "This paper aims to demonstrate the power of spatial information systems, in particular, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to represent this type of data in new and interesting ways. Using the dataset used by McCain and White\u2019s, an attempt is made here to show how spatial analysis can contribute to the researcher\u2019s set of analysis tools.\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nUse of spatial methods for the display of non-geographic data.\r\nData Used:\r\nData from 12 key journals of information science reported in White, Howard D., and Katherine W. McCain. (1998), Visualizing a Discipline: An Author Co-citation Analysis of Information Science, 1972-\u00ac1995. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49(4):327-355.", "reference": "Old, L.J. (2001). Utilizing spatial information systems for non-spatial-data analysis. Scientometrics, 51(3): 563-571. ", "title": "Utilizing spatial information systems for non-spatial-data analysis", "url": "/maps/map/utilizing_spatial_in_46/", "type": "Map", "created": 2001, "label": "Utilizing spatial information systems for non-spatial-data analysis", "creator": ["John L. Old"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/old-vis-a-discipline-mountain__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:18:53.415753", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The award winning \"StarryNight,\" is a collaboration with Martin Wattenberg and Mark Tribe. The project provides an alternative interface to the Rhizome database linking database objects as constellations in a starry night sky. \"Every Image,\" is a screensaver that feeds off the Rhizome database to browse through text objects and icons associated with it. This work focuses on the visual effect as a network collage. The third piece was the Rhizome logo that was programmed to respond and alter to IP addresses of visitors to the site. For the main portion of evening Alex focused on his work as an artist-programmer, presenting three pieces: \"Drift,\" (working title) \"2-by-2, \" and \"Carnivore.\" \"Drift\" is a screensaver project, done in collaboration with his brother Munro Galloway, to be release on CD-rom. The screensaver mirror the user\u2019s weather and daylight conditions in real-time by identifying the geographic location and time zone of the viewer. \"2-by-2\" is a movie series for the Nintendo GAMEBOY platform. It is a full-length feature film compressed to a duo-tone visual pattern. His largest project to date, \"Carnivore,\" an installation artwork for computer networks using packet-sniffing technologies to create vivid depictions of raw data. The piece is named after the software used by the FBI to perform wiretaps on email. The prototype Alex has created lives on the Rhizome.org server and surveys the data passed in the office, streaming packets of information. On the client side, a selected group of artists-programmers he has been collaborating with, are developing interfaces to explore the potential \"Carnivore\" offers.", "reference": "", "title": "StarryNight", "url": "/maps/map/starrynight_45/", "type": "Map", "created": 2002, "label": "StarryNight", "creator": ["Alex Galloway", "Mark Tribe"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/galloway-starrynight_png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:08:03.077212", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "In this work, Klavans and Boyack simplify their previous Places & Spaces map, \"Maps of Science: Forecasting Large Trends in Science\", into a circular map. The 554 scientific disciplines, representing over 16,000 journals and proceedings, are placed in a logical order around the perimeter of a circle. The resulting \"circle of science\" is used as a reference system to show the scientific roots of technology. This map form takes advantage of the cognitive simplicity of a circle.
Over 18,000 inventor-authors from the Scopus literature and United States Patent databases (2002-2006) were identified to link technological output (patents) from inventors to scientific output (papers) of authors. Authors are positioned within the circle map at the average position of their scientific papers using the disciplines in which their papers occur. Patents by these authors are then placed at the authors' locations on the map.
Some patents and classes are tied to one area of science (e.g., G06F, near the edge), while others build on multiple areas of science (e.g., C07D, near the center). Some areas of science (e.g., physics, computer science) are tied to large numbers of patents, while other areas of science (e.g., social sciences) are tied to very few patents.", "reference": "Boyack, Kevin W. and Richard Klavans. (2008). The Scientific Roots of Technology. Albuquerque, NM and Berwyn, PA. Courtesy of SciTech Strategies, Inc. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "The Scientific Roots of Technology", "url": "/maps/map/the_scientific_roots_44/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "The Scientific Roots of Technology", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "Richard Klavans"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/187-SciRoots__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T11:04:59.810234", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "John Caswell is the CEO & Founder of Structured Visual Thinking, facilitator, and 'live map maker'; Hazel Tiffany is Head of Practice, pattern recognizer, and map developer; and Ian Francis is the Head of Research & Development and digital map maker. This chart illustrates 4D\u2122, a four-phased method to capture, visualize, and resolve issues around strategy, change, vision, value creation, and transformation in complex organizations. Facilitated conversations (top image) are used to identify and capture major issues in four phases: Discovery (D1), Development (D2), Decision (D3), and Deployment (D4). The SVT Analysis validation matrix (left) presents data captured in D1-D3 and facilitates the exploration of gaps, priorities, implications, and dependencies. The SVT Workbook (upper right) provides a rich record of all sessions including preparation and analysis. The SVT Digital System (lower right) is an interactive, multimedia system of learning and communication which enables multiple stakeholders to gain access to outcomes, journeys, scenarios together with all relevant context. Arrows show the flow of knowledge from sessions into documented outcomes that communicate the new vision to leaders, stakeholders, and staff directly affected by the changes, building commitment and support necessary to bring any new strategy to fruition.", "reference": "Caswell, John, Tiffany Hazel and Ian Francis. (2008). 4D.TM The Structured Visual Approach to Business Issue Resolution. Mayfair, London UK. Courtesy of Group Partners. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "4D\u2122. The Structured Visual Approach to Business Issue Resolution", "url": "/maps/map/4d_the_structured_vi_43/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "4D\u2122. The Structured Visual Approach to Business Issue Resolution", "creator": ["John Caswell", "Hazel Tiffany", "Ian Francis"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/186-Business__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T10:56:42.409735", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The map is one of more than 500 that make up the Worldmapper project at http://:www.worldmapper.org/. It shows the ecological footprint of different countries calculated from resource intake and waste production. Data was retrieved from the 2005 Edition of the National Footprint Accounts from Global Footprint Network. This data, and an updated 2006 Edition, are available at Global Footprint Network\u2019s website at http://www.footprintnetwork.org and in the Living Planet Report 2006 from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It was rendered as an equal area cartogram, otherwise known as density-equalizing map. The cartogram re-sizes each country according to its ecological footprint using a method by Michael Gastner and Mark Newman. An undistorted map with identical color coding is given on the lower left for reference. The generally richer countries of Western Europe, Japan, and the United States have a large ecological footprint denoted by their large area size. Less developed yet highly populated countries such as India and China exhibit a similarly large footprint. Other countries such as Australia and Russia shrink compared to the land area map. The supplementary tables and chart show countries with the largest and lowest ecological footprints. ", "reference": "Dorling, Danny, Mark Newman, Graham Allsopp, Anna Barford, Ben Wheeler, John Pritchard and David Dorling. (2006). Ecological Footprint. Sheffield, UK and Ann Arbor, MI. Courtesy of the University of Sheffield and University of Michigan. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Ecological Footprint", "url": "/maps/map/ecological_footprint_42/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Ecological Footprint", "creator": ["Danny Dorling", "Anna Barford", "Graham Allsopp", "Ben Wheeler", "John Pritchard", "David Dorling", "Mark Newman"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/42_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T10:37:37.505933", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "
Daniel Kutz is a Ph.D. student at the School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University. His research interests lie in social informatics, interaction design, and information visualization. He designed the featured map to visually understand and communicate the intellectual coverage and evolution of the patent space of different patent holders.
Patents granted between January 1, 1976 to December 31, 2002 were obtained from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent archive. A simple graph shows the 140% increase in the number of patents granted over the last 25 years.
The 2.5 million patents are further grouped by their classification and changes in the number of patents per class were examined in five year intervals. Slow and fast growing classes are depicted and contrasted using treemaps, a space-filling technique developed at the Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland. To compare the evolving patent holdings of Apple Computers and a private patent holder, treemaps were placed in a time sequence. Longitudinal comparison at the classification level becomes possible revealing an assignee\u2019s past and current intellectual borders, patenting behavior, and maybe even a general understanding of research and development trends.
", "reference": "Kutz, Daniel O., Katy B\u00f6rner and Elisha F. Hardy. (2004). Examining the Evolution and Distribution of Patent Classifications. Bloomington, IN. Courtesy of Indiana University. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Examining the Evolution and Distribution of Patent Classifications", "url": "/maps/map/examining_the_evolut_41/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Examining the Evolution and Distribution of Patent Classifications", "creator": ["Katy B\u00f6rner", "Daniel O. Kutz", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/177-Patents__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T10:32:52.390768", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The late artist Mark Lombardi is well known for the large-scale flow charts of major political and financial scandals. Unlike most works of art, his maps do not depict the hypothetical or imaginary but are rendered based on facts from mainstream publications like the New York Times, Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times. Lombardi carefully organized these facts in a handwritten database of over 14,000 cross referenced index cards. He iteratively composed his \u201cnarrative structures\u201d in his medium of choice: colored pencil and graphite on paper. This map shows the fifth version of a chart that focuses on the conjunction of illegal arms dealing by Chinese nationalists in Los Angeles and possible White House campaign-finance corruption. Two layers of information are presented: Essential elements of the story in black and major lawsuits, criminal indictments, and other legal actions taken against the parties in red. Interconnections of different types are revealed: A solid arrow represents influence or control; a double arrow, mutual relationship or association; a dashed arrow, flow of money, loans, or credits; a squiggle, the sale or transfer of an asset; a double hyphen, a blocked or incomplete transaction. Line labels further detail relationships and dollar amounts.", "reference": "Lombardi, Mark. (1999). Bill Clinton, the Lippo Group, and China Ocean Shipping Co. a.k.a. COSCO, Little Rock-Jakarta-Hong Kong, ca. 1990s (5th version). New York, NY. Courtesy of Pierogi Gallery. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Bill Clinton, the Lippo Group, and China Ocean Shipping Co. a.k.a. COSCO, Little Rock \u2013 Jakarta \u2013 Hong Kong, ca. 1990s (5th version)", "url": "/maps/map/bill_clinton_the_lip_40/", "type": "Map", "created": 1999, "label": "Bill Clinton, the Lippo Group, and China Ocean Shipping Co. a.k.a. COSCO, Little Rock \u2013 Jakarta \u2013 Hong Kong, ca. 1990s (5th version)", "creator": ["Mark Lombardi"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/40_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T10:13:31.330792", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Buckminster Fuller was a noted visionary and applied futurist. He is the namesake of the third form of carbon, buckminsterfullerene, and one of the first to chart long-term trends of industrialization and globalization as early as the 1930s. In 1961, Fuller made a proposal to the International Union of Architects at their VIIth Congress to encourage architectural schools around the world to invest the next ten years to address how to make the world\u2019s total resources, which then served only 40% of the world population, serve 100% of humanity. This was the beginning of a World Design Science Decade (WDSD) an international program to apply his strategies for \u201cComprehensive, Anticipatory Design Science.\u201d The program itself never took off, however the documents themselves show early ecological thinking in the 20th century. This trend chart from Document 6 produced by Fuller and his associate McHale, is one of dozens of maps and trend charts. It shows how the confluence of human communication and transportation technologies produce a \"shrinking Earth.\" During the same decade that Gordon E. Moore predicted the acceleration curve of computing technologies (Moore\u2019s Law), Fuller applied his comprehensive approach to map the global impact of what he termed \u201caccelerating acceleration\" and \"ephemeralization.\"", "reference": "Fuller, R. Buckminster and John McHale. (1965). Shrinking of Our Planet. Carbondale, IL. Courtesy of the Estate of R. Buckminster Fuller. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Shrinking of Our Planet ", "url": "/maps/map/shrinking_of_our_pla_39/", "type": "Map", "created": 1965, "label": "Shrinking of Our Planet ", "creator": ["Buckminster Fuller", "John McHale, Sr."], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/39_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:58:47.254803", "nifty_fact": "contributed by Katy B\u00f6rner", "description": "The Worldprocessor-globe based image plots the total amount of patents granted worldwide, beginning in 1883 with just under 50,000 and continuing to 2002 on a rapid climb towards 1 million, the x-y parameters of the annually shifting amount of total patents granted worldwide is plotted around a globe by a line graph. Though other cartographically related information distorts as a result, by preserving the plotted line as an uninterrupted constant, an overview of this rapid escalation is derived through the reconstitution of four different perspectives into a single image. Geographic regions where countries offer environments conducive to fostering innovation are represented by topology. Additionally, nations where residents are granted an average of 500 or more US patents per year are called out in red by their respective averages in the years after 2000.", "reference": "G\u00fcnther, Ingo. (2006). WORLDPROCESSOR: Zones of Invention - Patterns of Patents. New York, NY. Courtesy of Ingo G\u00fcnther. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Zones of Invention - Patterns of Patents", "url": "/maps/map/zones_of_invention___38/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Zones of Invention - Patterns of Patents", "creator": ["Ingo G\u00fcnther"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/38________jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:55:48.735857", "nifty_fact": "contributed by Deborah MacPherson", "description": "David Rumsey\u2019s collection of historical maps is one of the largest and most complete of its kind. Focused for the most part on North and South America in the 18th and 19th centuries, the collection comprises more than 150,000 items: maps, atlases, and contextual supporting documents. Unlike similar collections, the delicacy and rarity of which necessitate careful storage and restricted-use policies, maps in the David Rumsey Collection are available in growing numbers on the Web at www.davidrumsey.com. The conjunction of old and new technologies is the heart of Cartographica Extraordinaire. The maps selected for Cartographica Extraordinaire tell a hundred distinct, exciting, important, and sometimes controversial stories, along two main paths of inquiry: How did a continental wilderness become a civilization and how has the development of cartographic science changed the ways we perceive, describe, study, and use that land? Geographic information systems (GIS) dominate the cartography of today. Yet, they are shaped by the history of map making \u2013 its theory and practice and what it tells us about the people we were, are, and will be.", "reference": "Rumsey, David and Edith Punt. (2003). Cartographica Extraordinaire: The Historical Map Transformed. ESRI Press. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 2nd Iteration (2006): The Power of Reference Systems, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "Cartographica Extraordinaire: The Historical Map Transformed", "url": "/maps/map/cartographica_extrao_37/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "Cartographica Extraordinaire: The Historical Map Transformed", "creator": ["David Rumsey", "Edith M. Punt"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/37_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:53:51.363558", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "A map of the people Mitchkitter knows", "reference": "", "title": "peopleiknow", "url": "/maps/map/peopleiknow_36/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "peopleiknow", "creator": ["Mitchkitter"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/peopleiknow__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:44:33.853973", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The Chronic Poverty Centre has just published a Chronic Poverty Report, which measures chronic poverty as the amount of people who spend most or all of the time in destitution, i.e. on an income of less than $1 a day. It is interesting stuff, but one thing really grabs the attention: this map (click for a larger version) of chronic poverty around the world, where the size of a country represents its number of chronically poor, and its shade the proportion of the whole population who are chronically poor.\r\nData Used:\r\nThe map shown above is only a preliminary version, as it is based on only a few dozen full country datasets. However, it would be perfectly possible to do a similar map for ordinary $1-a-day poverty, as the World Bank has those figures for most countries in the world. Make Poverty History.org asks \"Any volunteers?\"", "reference": "http://idpm.man.ac.uk/cprc/Conference/conferencepapers.htm", "title": "You are not here: A world poverty map", "url": "/maps/map/you_are_not_here_a_w_35/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": "You are not here: A world poverty map", "creator": ["The Chronic Poverty Centre"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/chronicpovertylarge__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:37:50.827849", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Sebastian M\u00fcnster was the first mapmaker to produce separate maps of the four known continents. The woodcut map shown here is a version of the first map to show North and South America connected to each other but separate from any other land mass. The map was originally published in M\u00fcnster\u2019s edition of Ptolemy\u2019s Geographia and in M\u00fcnster\u2019s masterwork, Cosmographia in 1544. Cosmographia was one of the most influential works on geography in the mid-sixteenth century; it was translated into five languages and published in forty different editions. M\u00fcnster\u2019s map was the most widely circulated New World map of its time. It depicts the false Sea of Verrazano and the Northwest Passage and presents a view of North America that precedes the Spanish explorations to the interior of the continent (were widely known). ", "reference": "www.floridahistory.com", "title": "Spanish Map of the World from 1544", "url": "/maps/map/spanish_map_of_the_w_34/", "type": "Map", "created": 1554, "label": "Spanish Map of the World from 1544", "creator": ["Sebastian M\u00fcnster"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/1544_spanish__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:31:20.018218", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This \"octant\" map is dated approximately 1514. The sphere of the globe was divided into eight equilateral spherical triangles, each section bounded by the equator and two meridians 90% apart. This was the first map of its kind. It is noteworthy for at least two other reasons: (1) it was one of the first world maps that used the name \"America,\" and (2) it was one of the first world maps to lay down a south-polar continent. Some critics believe the map was not really a work by Leonardo himself, since the accuracy and mastery in drawing are not reflective of da Vinci's usual high standards. It was more likely done by some trustworthy clerk or copyist under da Vinci's employment. ", "reference": "", "title": "Mappamundi", "url": "/maps/map/mappamundi_33/", "type": "Map", "created": 1514, "label": "Mappamundi", "creator": ["Leonardo da Vinci"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/mappamundi__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:23:25.609462", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "An early map of science and the connections between disciplines.", "reference": "", "title": "A Chart Illustrating Some of the Relations Between the Branches of Natural Science and Technology,", "url": "/maps/map/a_chart_illustrating_32/", "type": "Map", "created": 1948, "label": "A Chart Illustrating Some of the Relations Between the Branches of Natural Science and Technology,", "creator": ["H.J.T. Ellingham"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/RoyalSocietyScienceMap2__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-14T09:19:32.878246", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "An important demonstration of concept mapping.", "reference": "Swanson, D.R., & Smalheiser, N.R. (1997). An interactive system for finding complementary literatures: A stimulus to scientific discovery. Artificial Intelligence, 91:183\u2013203.", "title": "Knowledge discovery in un-connected complementary literatures", "url": "/maps/map/knowledge_discovery__31/", "type": "Map", "created": 1997, "label": "Knowledge discovery in un-connected complementary literatures", "creator": ["Don R. Swanson", "Neil R. Smalheiser"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/swanson__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-13T14:20:20.803783", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Henry Small has pioneered mapping the structure of science based on scholarly publications, yet independent of existing disciplinary categories. The very first map of all of science is shown here. A combination of fractional citation counting and co-citation clustering via multidimensional scaling was used to extract four nested levels of clustering via single and complete linkage. Major disciplines of science emerge from a bottom-up aggregation of highly cited papers. They are displayed in two dimensions, using an order-dependent, geometric triangulation process that produces a unified hierarchical arrangement of documents. Each circle contains a map of similar construction at a lower level of aggregation. Circle size corresponds to the number of citations received by documents in each cluster. Links among circles represent aggregate document co-citations. The original set up facilitated the interactive exploration of the nested hierarchy of scientific disciplines.", "reference": "Small, Henry. (1999). Visualizing Science by Citation Mapping. Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(9): 799-813. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps,Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "1996 Map of Science: A Network Representation of the 43 Fourth Level Clusters Based on Data from the 1996 Science Citation Index", "url": "/maps/map/1996_map_of_science__30/", "type": "Map", "created": 1999, "label": "1996 Map of Science: A Network Representation of the 43 Fourth Level Clusters Based on Data from the 1996 Science Citation Index", "creator": ["Henry Small"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/30_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-05-13T14:14:36.911185", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This visualization shows the inter-relationships of all articles published in the 2006 Society for Neuroscience Proceedings.\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\n\r\nThis visualization combines a static large-scale map with interactive elements. Elements include level-specific labeling and interactive selection of articles for exploration.\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nArticles are color coded by the category assigned to them.
\r\n\r\nData Used:\r\n\r\n2006 Society for Neuroscience conference Proceedings.
\r\n\r\n ", "reference": "", "title": " Society for Neuroscience, 2006 Visual Browser", "url": "/maps/map/_society_for_neurosc_29/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": " Society for Neuroscience, 2006 Visual Browser", "creator": ["Bruce W. Herr, II", "Gully Burns (USC)", "David Newman (UCI)"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/175-neurovis__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:57:02.524891", "nifty_fact": "at the link site, the map is interactive", "description": "Macro photo of the London A-Z at an appropriate page! ", "reference": "", "title": " South Kensington: a new perspective", "url": "/maps/map/_south_kensington_a__28/", "type": "Map", "created": 2004, "label": " South Kensington: a new perspective", "creator": ["Darquati (Flickr)"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/south_kensington__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:46:22.685627", "nifty_fact": "Plotted out point by individual point in Adobe Illustrator using a mouse.", "description": "Maps organize information. Most pinpoint geographic locations relative to each other. The Map of Humanity also organizes information, but instead of doing it geographically, the map organizes the locations on the basis of moral, emotional, and cultural significance.\r\n\r\nThe continents of this restructuring rest upon the sea of the unconscious, the stormy basis of our thought. The land that emerges from it's broken into three main continents, each related to an aspect of the human mind: superego, ego, and id.\r\n\r\nThe superego is dominated by our higher aspirations. It is our moral centre, where our sense of compassion, love, and virtue reside. Hope, family, kindness, and beauty dwell here amongst the peaceful fields and tranquil cities.\r\n\r\nThe ego is dominated by reason, rational thought, and order. It is the land of science, where nature is harnessed by the human mind; and order and reason hold sway over emotion and passion.\r\n\r\nThe id is the dark continent, dominated by our primitive, animalistic urges. Here hate, greed, avarice, lust, and bigotry run rampant, and war devolves into atrocity. This is the world of our making, carved out of our actions, built upon the collective achievements of the human race.\r\n\r\nIt is an attempt to map the last six thousand years of human history and thought upon a theoretical geography to discover a sense of what kind of civilization humanity has attained. And like the geography of human nations, it is in constant flux, changing and growing as long as mankind walks the face of the earth.\r\n\r\nThe first version of the map was made as an intaglio print in 1993, but as all the locations had to be written out not only by hand but backwards by hand, the number of locations I could (and was willing to) include was obviously limited. In 2000 I felt I had a computer powerful enough to do a more ambitious, digital version. I pushed it till it reached the limits of what my computer could do, and this accounts for some of the odd errors on the map. That and my own poor spelling.\r\n\r\nAdmittedly, the scope of the idea is so vast it is unquestionably impossible to fully realize, but an interesting piece can still result from the effort. It is the journey that counts.\r\n\r\nA lot has happened since 2001, and eventually it will have to be updated again. There is lots to fix, lots to add, lots to update.\r\n\r\nThe Map of Humanity 3.0 I envision as a collaborative effort. This is my fantasy version, so big in scope as to be just silly. Well. Sillier, at any rate. A vast database of information would be assembled with the help of experts knowledgeable in mythology, literature, urbanology, and, well, everything. It would then be run through a computer program and plotted out. A fractal program could generate the coastlines. Some kind of clustering filter would have to be applied to the locations to get interesting landmasses out of the input. It could be updated every year or two. New land formations, new mountains, rivers, and roads would appear as events unfold, old ones wither away. Cities would change location as what they symbolize changes. I think that would be really neat.\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nFrom the mythical cradle of human thought in the Garden of Eden, to the farthest reaches of human imagination, the map plots out mankind\u2019s achievements, trials, and tribulations throughout history. We have constructed a world made up of our own actions and beliefs, as much as the one formed by the land we live on. The map of humanity is formed by our thought, our feelings, our dreams, and our nightmares.\r\nData Used:\r\nEverything I could get my hands on. Limited by my ignorance and laziness.\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nFlawed but ambitious.", "reference": "", "title": "Map of Humanity", "url": "/maps/map/map_of_humanity_27/", "type": "Map", "created": 1993, "label": "Map of Humanity", "creator": ["James Turner", "original print from 1993"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/172-MapHumanityAug_2500__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:24:14.336974", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Jan Jansson was one of the first Europeans to create maps of the New World. Two maps from this era became prototypes, the 1612 map of Virginia by John Smith and the 1651 map of New England by Jansson. Their general layouts were extensively copied from one mapmaker to another. This map is based on De Laet\u2019s rare map of 1630 and is actually the third iteration of Jansson\u2019s 1636 Nova Anglia, Novvm Belgivm et Virginia. This map was influential because it showed all of the current Dutch holdings from New England to Virginia. It is widely considered to be one of the first maps to contain the place name \u201cMasachusets.\u201d It also depicts \u201cNew Amsterdam\u201d (New York), which was founded less than 30 years prior. Europeans\u2019 increased interest after 1600 in the colonization of North America is concisely shown in this map and developed partially because of this map.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nJansson's maps are very similar to his arch rival Willem Blaeu and were often copied from his, but maps created and printed by Jansson tend to be more dramatic and illustrative.
\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nThis map is a marvelous combination of accurate and inaccurate information, presented and made real in the best Dutch style of the seventeenth century.
\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nStory telling through the drawings on the map, for example animals on the land, ships on the ocean, and a title flanked by welcoming native people.
\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nJansson and his contemporaries incorporated the most up to date information available at the time, typically from sea captains.
\r\n\r\n(Heart shaped cartouche, upper left). \"Amstelodami Johannes Jannsonious Excudit\". (Cartouche, bottom right with scales) Scale \"Miliaria Garmania Communia\" (Scale cartouche, bottom right corner). Compass Roses (Bottom center and right above center). Text appears on the reverse sides. Longitude (Not Shown) Latitude (Right and Left Borders). See Verner's notes for the dates, signatures, languages, page #s and catchwords appropriate to the various atlases in which it appears.", "reference": "Jansson, Jan. 1642. Nova Anglia, Novvm Belgivm et Virginia. Amsterdam, Holland. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Washington, DC. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Nova Anglia, Novvm Belgivm et Virginia", "url": "/maps/map/nova_anglia_novvm_be_26/", "type": "Map", "created": 1642, "label": "Nova Anglia, Novvm Belgivm et Virginia", "creator": ["Jan Jansson"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/26_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:22:11.995495", "nifty_fact": "Courtesy of the David Rumsey Map Collection, Cartography Associates", "description": "Original Publication Title: Atlas minor: or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps, in which are shewn all the empires, kingdoms, countries, states, in all the known parts of the earth; with their bounds, divisions, chief cities & towns, the whole composed & laid down agreeable to modern history. By Herman Moll, Geographer. (3rd ed.) London, Printed for Thos. Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard & John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill (1736).
At the turn of the 17th century, Herman Moll was the most famous map publisher in England. He was also the first cartographer to create an elegant map of England that correctly portrayed its shape. His style combined time-consuming embellishment with blunt, clear lettering to highlight important information.
Moll prided himself on his work and would attack mapmakers who republished preexisting maps under new titles without investigating if their maps were accurate or, even worse, potentially fatal by leaving out known depths of water or sands.
This map is a hand-colored, engraved double-hemisphere of the whole world, featuring California as an island, a popular misconception at the time. The continents are represented by 12 allegorical figures surrounded by plants native to these lands and a lion who observes it all. The long note at the top left discusses the trade winds indicated by arrows throughout the map. The original map is 21 cm high by 27 cm wide.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThis map illustrates Moll's excellent engraving and notation skills. He had strong opinions about titling and frequently used this opportunity to assert the reliability of his work.
\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nPlacing two hemispheres next to each other in order to see both sides of the world at the same time.
\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nMoll's maps speak a cartographic language through the creation of social and territorial spaces. His maps go beyond topography and geography to make statements about hierarchy, power, and to endorse his preferred ideas of progress and commerce.
\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nNearly all the detailed maps of up to 1750 are derived from the work of three main mapmakers: Timothy Pont in the late 16th century, Robert Gordon in the mid-17th century, and John Adair in the late 17th century. The original survey work of Pont (and secondarily Gordon) was behind the magnificent county maps in the first atlas of Scotland by Joan Blaeu in 1654, and these maps, with some updated information from Adair and other.
", "reference": "Moll, Herman. (1736). A New Map of the Whole World with the Trade Winds According to the Latest and Most Exact Observations. London England. Courtesy of the David Rumsey Map Collection, Cartography Associates, San Francisco, CA. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "A New Map of the Whole World with the Trade Winds According to the Latest and Most Exact Observations", "url": "/maps/map/a_new_map_of_the_who_25/", "type": "Map", "created": 1736, "label": "A New Map of the Whole World with the Trade Winds According to the Latest and Most Exact Observations", "creator": ["Herman Moll"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/top10-moll__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:19:55.874242", "nifty_fact": "see also http://epic.slis.indiana.edu for further work on epidemiological forecasting", "description": "Dr. Vittoria Colizza is Research Scientist at the Complex Networks and Systems Group at the Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI Foundation) in Turin, Italy.. Dr. Alessandro Vespignani is the Rudy Professor of Informatics and Cognitive Sciences, and coordinator of the Complex Systems Group at the Indiana University School of Informatics. Their research activity focuses on the interdisciplinary application of statistical and numerical simulation methods in the analysis and visualization of epidemic and spreading phenomena. Recently, they developed a stochastic large-scale spatial-transmission model for the analysis of the global spreading of emerging infectious diseases.\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nDetailed knowledge of the worldwide population distribution to the resolution scale of \u00bc\u00b0 and of the movement patterns of individuals by air travel is explicitly incorporated into the model to describe the spatio-temporal evolution of epidemics in our highly interconnected and globalized world. Simulation results can be used to identify the main mechanisms behind observed propagation patterns, e.g., the patched and heterogeneous spreading of the SARS outbreak in 2002-2003, and to provide forecasts for future emerging infectious diseases, e.g., a newly emerging pandemic influenza. Maps showing different simulated scenarios of possible epidemics might be of crucial help in the identification, design, and implementation of appropriate intervention strategies aimed at possible containment.
\r\n\r\nWe would like to thank A. Barrat and M. Barthelemy for model development and data analysis, A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy and A.-J. Valleron for study design, J.J. Ramasco and D. Balcan for data collection and analysis, and K. Borner for discussion and useful comments.
\r\n\r\nCitation Reference: 1) V. Colizza, A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy, A. Vespignani. The role of the airline transportation network in the prediction and predictability of global epidemics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103, 2015 (2006).
\r\n2) V. Colizza, A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy, A. Vespignani. The modeling of global epidemics: stochastic dynamics and predictability. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 68, 1893 (2006).
\r\n3) V. Colizza, A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy, A.-J. Valleron, A. Vespignani. Modeling the worldwide spread of pandemic influenza: baseline case and containment interventions. PLoS Medicine 4(1): e13 (2007).
", "reference": "Colizza, Vittoria (Research and Data), Alessandro Vespignani (Research) and Elisha F. Hardy (Graphic Design). (2007). Impact of Air Travel on Global Spread of Infectious Diseases Bloomington, IN. Courtesy of Indiana Univesity. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Impact of Air Travel on Global Spread of Infectious Diseases", "url": "/maps/map/impact_of_air_travel_24/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Impact of Air Travel on Global Spread of Infectious Diseases", "creator": ["Vittoria Colizza", "Alessandro Vespignani", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/162-epidemics___jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:13:00.009434", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Dr. Michael W. Hamburger and his colleagues from the UNAVCO Consortium in Boulder, Colorado created Jules Verne Voyager, a precision interactive map tool for the virtual exploration of Earth and other worlds.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe online browser interface at jules.unavco.org allows users to create \u201cmaps on demand\u201d using wide ranges of base maps, geophysical overlays, and geographical information.
\r\nData Used:\r\nThe seismic hazard map shown here was derived from the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program using a model of historical seismicity catalogs, geologic and geodetic data to predict the frequency, location, and magnitude of earthquakes. Seismic hazard is represented in probabilistic fashion, as the peak ground acceleration (in meters/second2) with a 10% chance of exceedance in a 50 year period.
The inset maps along the bottom of the map show the topographic, seismological, volcanic, and tectonic data for several of the major seismically active plate boundaries that comprise the \u201cRing of Fire\u201d surrounding Asia, Europe, North and South America, and the western Pacific. Arrows indicate the inferred direction of motion of the Earth\u2019s crust with respect to an arbitrarily \u201cfixed\u201d plate at the center of each map. Note the intense concentration of seismic and volcanic activity near the boundaries and the few anomalous zones within the interior of Earth\u2019s tectonic plates.
", "reference": "Hamburger, Michael W., Chuck Meertens (Data and Visualization) and Elisha F. Hardy (Graphic Design). (2007). Tectonic Movements and Earthquake Hazard Predictions. Bloomington, IN and Boulder, CO. Courtesy of Indiana University and UNAVCO Consortium. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Julie M. Davis (Eds.), 3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Tectonic Movements and Earthquake Hazard Predictions", "url": "/maps/map/tectonic_movements_a_23/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "Tectonic Movements and Earthquake Hazard Predictions", "creator": ["Michael W. Hamburger,", "Chuck Meertens", "Lou Estey", "Elisha F. H. Allgood"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/23_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:10:47.460398", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Known terrain boundaries in the mid-Atlantic GEON testbed region are indicated as colored regions. Red lines are mapped faults in the region.", "reference": "", "title": "Mid-Atlantic Region-Eastern U.S.", "url": "/maps/map/midatlantic_regionea_22/", "type": "Map", "created": 2000, "label": "Mid-Atlantic Region-Eastern U.S.", "creator": ["Dogan Seber"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/doga__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T14:08:58.669551", "nifty_fact": "not all cartography is based upon fact", "description": "This world is more earth-like than Pearl, having a vast world-wide ocean covering it from pole to pole. The map shows about one sixth of the planet. Like the map of Karishikar, this one also underwent damage by banana slugs, the entire left edge of the map shows quite a bit of the damage. The original is an octogon inscribed in 12 inch circle, done in colored pencil, paint and ink on parchment paper.
\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nPearl gets its name from legends about its creation and an unusual geographic feature which lends credence to those legends. The legend has it that Pearl was once just that, a bead on the necklace of the creator goddess. The geologic feature is the Omphalos, the navel of the world, a vast bottomless pit centered on the rotational pole. It is believed that this pit passes all the way through the world and was where the threads went through to string the goddess' necklace. East, West, North and South have little meaning on Pearl because the habitable lands are centered on the pole (map).
The directions used by the inhabitants speak of poleward, and its opposite, oot, meaning towards the equator. These replace our north and south, but is the one pole the north pole or the south pole? Instead of east and west, they use clockwise and counterclockwise. Bear this in mind when reading the text descriptions of the images.
\r\nData Used:\r\nAn amazing piece of software, Bryce, allows me to make pictures that come much closer to what Pearl looks like in my mind than any of my previous drawings. Those drawings were never intended to be landscapes, but instead were hand-drawn maps which may have been created by inhabitants of those worlds. The map page has been very popular ever since I drew maps of Riven.
\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nLocal explorations of Pearl have been my obsession of late, rendering image after image of the same scene at slightly different angles to produce a MYST-like walk-around. A few new concepts along these lines show up with names including the string, \"inch.\"
", "reference": "", "title": "Octagonal World", "url": "/maps/map/octagonal_world_21/", "type": "Map", "created": 1999, "label": "Octagonal World", "creator": ["Ruth Fry (Calyxa)"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/octworldlarge__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:57:34.836449", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Here we have arranged the same papers on a more familiar map. Each tiny glyph on the map represents not cities, but a number of papers that have an author in that location. In the field of Information Visualization there is an expectation that if you show the same data in two different views you can get a better feel for it, much as an architect will look at both floor plan and elevations to understand a building. But how can we tell where in the world papers in one topic node were published? Or what topics are studied in a specific geographic location? We simply paint them to look the same in both views.
The InfoVis technique called \u201cbrushing and linking\u201d lets you do exactly that. Paint a location (by brushing your finger over an area on the lectern\u2019s touchscreen) and it will glow on the geographic map. Since the views are linked by the computer, it can paint topics studied in that area on the topic map: the brighter a topic glows, the more papers on that topic originated in your brushed area. Conversely, touching a topic node will tell you where in the world that topic is studied.
We use a display technique called \u201cIlluminated Diagrams\u201d to add the flexibility of an interactive program to the incredibly high data density of a print. This technique is generally useful when there is too much pertinent data to be displayed on a screen but the data is relatively stable. The computer can direct the eye to what\u2019s important by using projectors as smart spotlights, animating stories in the static data (such as the spread of an idea\u2019s influence), giving a radar-like \u201cgrand tour\u201d of science, or highlighting query results (as when you touch the lectern) with an overlay of moving light.
\r\n ", "reference": "Boyack, Kevin W. (scientometrics and data shaping), Dick Klavans (scientometrics and node layout), W. Bradford Paley (typography, graphics, and interaction design), John Burgoon (geographic mapmaking) and Peter Kennard (system design and programming). (2006). Illuminated Diagram of Topic Map and Geographic Map. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), Additional Exhibit Elements. Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Illuminated Diagram: Map of Science", "url": "/maps/map/illuminated_diagram__19/", "type": "Map", "created": 2006, "label": "Illuminated Diagram: Map of Science", "creator": ["Kevin W. Boyack", "John Burgoon", "Richard Klavans", "W. Bradford Paley", "Peter Kennard"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/19_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:53:50.250406", "nifty_fact": "Contributed to the Scimaps collection by Bonnie Devarco", "description": "Dynamic Mapping for Rapid Response & Humanitarian Relief - The Tsunami Before/After maps demonstrate that geographic data on the sphere in realistic zoomable formats enables accurate decision making and more coordinated rapid response. These maps represent a confluence of three different types of technology: the integration of high resolution satellite imagery from various sources, GIS data layers and a dynamic \u201cfly-through\u201d Earth display system. Graham and Frost processed high resolution QuickBird satellite imagery of the area hardest hit by the December 2004 tsunami - Banda Aceh in Southeast Asia. Working with GeoFusion to load this imagery into the GeoMatrix streaming tile server, they blended the before-and-after images and created 3D fly-throughs from a global view down to the hardest hit areas. These images were quickly made available on a secure server hosted at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) for access by relief workers and decision makers in Southeast Asia.\r\n\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe most unique aspect of this visualization was its ability to help people who needed quick, layered information for humanitarian relief efforts. The ultra-fast urban planning these up to date satellite views enabled will have long-term impacts on the affected people and their way of life. They represent an important breakthrough in high performance, web-accessible geovisualization and mapping.
\r\nVisual Perception or Design Principles Applied:\r\nThis is the first dynamic 3D geobrowser to combine quick access to high performance, high resolution realtime satellite data enabling comparison views over the World Wide Web.
\r\nCognitive Principles or Metaphors Employed:\r\nRealistic geographic imagery and cartographic metaphors
\r\nData Used:\r\nDigital Globe, Earthstar Geographics and NASA satellite imagery
\r\nData Analysis Techniques Applied:\r\nThis combined high performance spherical geovisualization through the GeoMatrix geographic projection and square polar projection, efficient, fine-grained level-of-detail (LOD) calculation, fast data processing by Silicon Graphics Prism visualization system and quick output through a trusted, secure network server.
\r\nSpatial Layout Techniques Applied:\r\nGeoFusio\u2019s \u201cGeoMatrix\u201d engine for dynamic spherical, fly-down views, of Earth
\r\n\r\n", "reference": "CITI, the San Diego State University Center for Information Technology and Infrastructure", "title": "Tsunami Before/After", "url": "/maps/map/tsunami_beforeafter_18/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "Tsunami Before/After", "creator": ["John Graham", "Eric Frost"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/tsunami_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:49:00.515234", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Waldseem\u00fcller was one of the foremost cosmographers (scholars who studied the universe \u2014 the heavens and the earth, combining astronomy and geography) of Europe in his time. His ideas about geography were similar to those of other scholars of the early sixteenth century. Except in one region. Sometimes the name that a mapmaker gives to a place takes on a life of its own, even when he later has second thoughts and wishes to change it. This is the case with Martin Waldseem\u00fcller, who made two world maps in 1507. One map was a small globe shown here, the other is a very large wall map (see 1507 Wall Map.)
\r\n\r\nBoth 1507 Waldseem\u00fcller maps are in the James Ford Bell Library Collection. The curators pose this question: \"A name that he added to these maps has appeared on world maps from 1507 to the present. Yet apparently Waldseem\u00fcller changed his mind about the suitability of the name shortly after he made these first maps. What name is it and why did Martin Waldseem\u00fcller change his mind?\"
", "reference": " \u00a91999-2001 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. University Libraries. All rights reserved. Please credit the James Ford Bell Library, University of Minnesota if you copy or reproduce material from this page. ", "title": "1507 Globe", "url": "/maps/map/1507_globe_17/", "type": "Map", "created": 1507, "label": "1507 Globe", "creator": ["Martin Waldseem\u00fcller"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/1507_globelarge__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:19:14.145210", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The quest for cartographic perfection has a long and storied history!", "reference": "", "title": "A Complete & Perfect Map Describing the Whole World", "url": "/maps/map/a_complete__perfect__16/", "type": "Map", "created": 1559, "label": "A Complete & Perfect Map Describing the Whole World", "creator": ["Haggi Ahmed"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/image005__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:17:36.089384", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The Van Sant GeoSphere image was the first cloud-free satellite map of earth. It is presented here on a Robinson projection. The GeoSphere map is the largest selling single image of the world. It is used by numerous US federal agencies and is licensed by photo libraries worldwide.", "reference": "(c) 1998 Tom Van Sant, Inc./GeoSphere", "title": "GeoSphere", "url": "/maps/map/geosphere_15/", "type": "Map", "created": 1998, "label": "GeoSphere", "creator": ["Tom Van Sant"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/geosphere__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:15:18.849626", "nifty_fact": "Recent outline hand color; 16 x 20.5\" (45 x 52 cm) + margins. Almost Fine; minor, scattered soiling in margins", "description": "This state is the first to add Fretum Anian at top right, Groen Landt [Greenland), and Americ\u00e6 Pars on the left in North America. The North Pole in the center has many concentric rhumb lines emanating from it. The very beautiful, pictorial colored title cartouche has 12 classic windheads within billowing clouds and two human figures.", "reference": "", "title": "Nova et Accurata et Terrarum Circum Lacentium Descriptio", "url": "/maps/map/nova_et_accurata_et__14/", "type": "Map", "created": 1659, "label": "Nova et Accurata et Terrarum Circum Lacentium Descriptio", "creator": ["Jan Jansson"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/image003__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:12:08.348319", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map illustrates telegraph connections held by the Eastern Telegraph Company at the turn of the 20th Century.", "reference": "", "title": "Eastern Telegraph Company: Worldwide Route Map", "url": "/maps/map/eastern_telegraph_co_13/", "type": "Map", "created": 1901, "label": "Eastern Telegraph Company: Worldwide Route Map", "creator": ["The Eastern Telegraph Company"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/EasternTelegraph__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:09:52.266328", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map illustrates telegraph cable connections between northern Europe and northeastern North America in the late 19th century.", "reference": "", "title": "Anglo-American Telegraph Company: Cables to America", "url": "/maps/map/angloamerican_telegr_12/", "type": "Map", "created": 1895, "label": "Anglo-American Telegraph Company: Cables to America", "creator": [], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/FourCables___jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:05:52.245067", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Where Chris Dodo has walked in Helsinki, up to 1st February 2005, from memory.", "reference": "", "title": "Helsinki Walked Feb 05", "url": "/maps/map/helsinki_walked_feb__11/", "type": "Map", "created": 2005, "label": "Helsinki Walked Feb 05", "creator": ["Chris Dodo"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/helsinki_walked__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:04:31.218136", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This is one of a series of clover-leaf maps fabricated by Henrich B\u00fcnting", "reference": "Henry Davis Consulting, Inc 2131 Delaware Ave., Suite E Santa Cruz, Ca 95060 phone: (831) 420-1785 fax: (831) 420-1786 ", "title": "Clover-leaf world map", "url": "/maps/map/cloverleaf_world_map_10/", "type": "Map", "created": 1588, "label": "Clover-leaf world map", "creator": ["Henrich B\u00fcnting"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/image006__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-12T13:01:51.866983", "nifty_fact": "A total of six variables are shown in one comprehensive portrait.", "description": "Charles Joseph Minard was a French civil engineer who liked to study streams and physics. Figurative maps and graphic tables were among his favorite studies. He often substituted mathematically proportioned images for dry and complicated columns of statistical data so that the first glance could \u201ctake it all in\u201d and previously unforeseen comparisons could become apparent. The data map and time-series combination shown here was created in the last year of his life. It may be the best statistical graphic ever drawn. The map portrays the losses suffered by Napoleon\u2019s army in the Russian campaign of 1812. The story begins at the Polish-Russian border with thick bands showing the size of the army in each position. The path of Napoleon\u2019s retreat is depicted by the dark lower band, tied to temperature and time scales. Six variables and a dramatic series of human events are shown together in one comprehensive portrait.\r\n\r\nBooks probably used by Minard on Napoleon in Russia include: Marie-Louis-Joseph-Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877) historian, lawyer, journalist, head of the French government for about a year, 1870-71; G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Cte Philippe-Paul De S\u00e9gur (1753-1830) an aide-de-camp to Napoleon; Raimond-Emery-Philippe-Josephe de Montesquiou, Duke of Fezensac (1784-1867), who participated in many military campaigns including that of Napoleon in Russia; Georges, marquis de Chambray (1783-1848) probably author of the two-volume anonymous Histoire de l'expedition de Russi; Pierre-Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e Jacob (1782-1855), pharmacist to Napoleon's army during the Russian campaign. See http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/minard for more information.", "reference": "Minard, Charles Joseph. (1869). Napoleon's March to Moscow. Paris, France. Courtesy of Edward Tufte, Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Deborah MacPherson (Eds.), 1st Iteration (2005): The Power of Maps, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "Napoleon's March to Moscow", "url": "/maps/map/napoleons_march_to_m_9/", "type": "Map", "created": 1869, "label": "Napoleon's March to Moscow", "creator": ["Charles Joseph Minard"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/9_______jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-11T13:23:34.395192", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "The Dymaxion map of the Earth is a projection of a global map onto the surface of a polyhedron, which can then be unfolded to a net in many different ways and flattened to form a two-dimensional map which retains most of the relative proportional integrity of the globe map. Description taken from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymaxion_projection\r\nDescription of Unique Features:\r\nThe Dymaxion map has no 'right way up'. Fuller frequently argued that in the universe there is no 'up' and 'down', or 'north' and 'south': only 'in' and 'out'. Gravitational forces of the stars and planets created 'in', meaning 'towards the gravitational center', and 'out', meaning 'away fom the gravitational center'. The north-up-superior/south-down-inferior presentation of most other world maps is linked to cultural bias. Description taken from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymaxion_projection", "reference": "", "title": "Dymaxion World Map-unfolded", "url": "/maps/map/dymaxion_world_mapun_8/", "type": "Map", "created": 1946, "label": "Dymaxion World Map-unfolded", "creator": ["Buckminster Fuller"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Dymaxion_map_unfolded__png_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-11T13:20:38.362928", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "This map illustrates telegraph cable connections between northern Europe and northeastern North America in the late 19th century.", "reference": "", "title": " Anglo-American Telegraph Company: Cables to America", "url": "/maps/map/_angloamerican_teleg_7/", "type": "Map", "created": 1895, "label": " Anglo-American Telegraph Company: Cables to America", "creator": [], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/FourCables_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "No", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-05-11T13:19:19.713773", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Every map gives up some aspect of reality to present another. On this map each country is shown proportional to its population. The map gives up territory to present people. You may not be able to make out the little squares, but they are easy enough to see on the original poster. Each square represents a million people. Looking at the world this way is a revelation. From the perspective of population, China is the biggest country in the world! India is not far behind. For a real shock, compare Indonesia with the United States. Compare Mexico with Canada. Africa is not as big as the news sometimes makes it. Asia has half the people in the world! ", "reference": "", "title": "The World's Most Populous Countries", "url": "/maps/map/the_worlds_most_popu_6/", "type": "Map", "created": 2009, "label": "The World's Most Populous Countries", "creator": [], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/poplcart__jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Domain Map", "added": "2009-03-05T11:00:24.786232", "nifty_fact": "", "description": "Cesar A. Hidalgo received his Ph.D. in Physics at the University of Notre Dame, where he was a member of the Center for Complex Network Research founded by Albert-Laszlo Barab\u00e1si. He is currently a Research Fellow at the Center for International Development at Harvard Kennedy School. He and his colleagues applied theory and methods from physics and economics to model and map the impact of the \"Product Space\" on the development of nations. The work is based on the assumption that (1) economies grow by upgrading the products they produce and export and (2) the technology, capital, institutions, and skills needed to make more sophisticated products are more easily adapted from some products than from others. The product space depicts co-export patterns of 775 industrial products exported by 132 countries during 1998-2000. More sophisticated products are located in a densely connected core whereas less-sophisticated products occupy a rather sparse periphery. Empirically, countries move through the product space by developing goods close to those they currently produce. Most countries can reach the core only by traversing empirically infrequent distances, which may help explain why poor countries have trouble developing more competitive exports and fail to converge to the income levels of rich countries.", "reference": "Hildalgo, Cesar A., Bailey Klinger, Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si and Ricardo Hausmann. (2007). The Product Space. Boston, MA. Courtesy of Harvard Kennedy School, Northeastern University and University of Notre Dame. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010).", "title": "The Product Space", "url": "/maps/map/the_product_space_5/", "type": "Map", "created": 2007, "label": "The Product Space", "creator": ["Cesar A. Hidalgo", "Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si", "Bailey Klinger", "Ricardo Hausmann"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/ProductSpace_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Concept Map", "added": "2009-03-05T10:54:21.677357", "nifty_fact": "The first attempt to quantify the types of events and time lags which occur in the entire R&D process", "description": "Francis Narin, Principal Investigator of the TRACES study at IITRI, founded CHI Research in Chicago in 1968 to develop and serve \u201cindicator services\" for government and private clients. CHI Research went on to become a leading Bibliometrics research firm for the next 35 years, pioneering the application of bibliometrics to science indicators, to patent citation analysis, to the bibliometric linking of patents and papers, and to the linkage between quality patents and stock market performance. The tracing shown here was developed by Benn under the direction of Narin. It was part of the TRACES study entitled \u201cTechnology in Retrospect and Critical Events in Science\u201d funded by the National Science Foundation in the U.S. Key events that lead to the development of the video tape recorder were identified by knowledgeable research scientists and classified into three categories: non-mission research (red circles), mission oriented research (blue triangles), and development and application (green squares). They were then organized in time, grouped, and interlinked. This resulting map is a first attempt to quantify the types of events and time lags which occur in the entire R&D process, from basic (non-mission) research to the commercial availability of a product. Most notable are the six different streams of knowledge that had to converge to produce the video tape recorder.", "reference": "Narin, Francis, supervisor. (1969). Tracing of Key Events in the Development of the Video Tape Recorder (original tracing by Benn). Technology in Retrospect and Critical Events in Science. Chicago: IIT Research Institute. Courtesy of the IIT Research Institute. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010). ", "title": "Tracing of Key Events in the Development of the Video Tape Recorder", "url": "/maps/map/tracing_of_key_event_4/", "type": "Map", "created": 1968, "label": "Tracing of Key Events in the Development of the Video Tape Recorder", "creator": ["Francis Narin"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Narin_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-03-05T10:48:59.344363", "nifty_fact": "This is the seventh and final version of a series of maps that show the impact of the American Civil War (1861\u20131865) on the European cotton trade.", "description": "Charles Joseph Minard was a true pioneer in thematic cartography and statistical graphics. Altogether he generated over 50 maps looking at differential courses for the transport of goods and people. One of his most famous maps, Napoleon's March to Moscow, is shown in the first iteration of this exhibit. This is the seventh and final version of a series of maps that show the impact of the American Civil War (1861\u20131865) on the European cotton trade. The flows of raw cotton prior, during, and after the war are depicted as colored bands. The width of the bands represents the amount of raw cotton imported with one millimeter representing 5000 barrels. Prior to the U.S. Civil War, most of Europe relied exclusively on the U.S. South as the sole source of this indispensable raw material (blue band). Export blockades during the war changed global trade patterns instigating a fierce competition between the U.S. (blue band), India & China (orange band), and Egypt (brown band). Minard argued that \"a sustained competition among the rival producers would be most useful for England and Europe.\" In the mid to late 1800s, his influence and contribution to visually-based planning was so influential that all Ministers of Public Works in France had their portraits painted with one of Minard's maps in the background.", "reference": "Minard, Charles Jospeh. (1866). Europe Raw Cotton Imports in 1858, 1864 and 1865. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Geography and Maps Division. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010)", "title": "Europe Raw Cotton Imports in 1858, 1864 and 1865", "url": "/maps/map/europe_raw_cotton_im_3/", "type": "Map", "created": 1866, "label": "Europe Raw Cotton Imports in 1858, 1864 and 1865", "creator": ["Charles Joseph Minard"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Minard_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}, {"exhibit": "Yes", "category": "Cartographic Map", "added": "2009-03-05T10:45:48.352319", "nifty_fact": "Subjective well being seems to correlate with health, wealth, and access to basic education.", "description": "EarthPulse by National Geographic is a visual guide to global trends, online at http://nationalgeographic.com/earthpulse. It explores our complex connections with vivid and informative imagery, maps, diagrams, and interactives to illuminate where we are today, how we got here, and how our actions may affect the future of life on Earth. The very first issue of EarthPulse features a global map of subjective well-being (SWB). A ranking of the world\u2019s happiest places is given on the right. The data on SWB was extracted from a meta-analysis by Marks, Abdallah, Simms & Thompson in 2006. It is immediately evident that there is an effect of poverty on levels of SWB. The map itself mirrors other projections of poverty and Gross Domestic Product. White compared the data on SWB with 2005 data on access to education provided by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 2005 health data made available by the United Nations (UN), and 2006 poverty data downloaded from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It was found that SWB correlates most strongly with health (.7), closely followed by wealth (.6), and access to basic education (.6). This adds to the evidence that from a global perspective the biggest causes of SWB are poverty and associated variables.", "reference": "White, Adrian and National Geographic EarthPulse Team. 2008. A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being. University of Leicester, Leicester, UK and Washington, DC. In Katy B\u00f6rner & Elisha F. Hardy (Eds.), 4th Iteration (2008): Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers, Places and Spaces: Mapping Science. http://scimaps.org (accessed 5/21/2010) ", "title": "A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being", "url": "/maps/map/a_global_projection__2/", "type": "Map", "created": 2008, "label": "A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being", "creator": ["Adrian White", "National Geographic EarthPulse Team"], "thumbnail": "http://dev.scimaps.org//static/maps/Happyness_jpg_75x75_crop_q85.jpg"}], "properties": {"url": {"valueType": "url"}, "exhibit": {"valueType": "boolean"}, "thumbnail": {"valueType": "url"}}, "types": {"Map": {"pluralLabel": "Maps"}}}